AP US History Chapter 8

*During Monroe's presidency *nationalism, optism, goodwill *Federalists going away and Republicans dominationg politics in North, South, and the West *Misleading and oversimplified *heated debates *Tariffs *National bank *Internal improvements *Public land sales *Sectionalism over slavery *Antagonistic factions soon split up Republican party *1816 to the Panic of 1819

*Problem during the Era of Good Feelings *Over slavery

*Fought in Revolutionary War *Valley Forge winter *Prominent in Virginia's Republican party *High level diplomatic roles *Jefferson's minister to Great Britain *Madison's secretary of state *After Madison (Virgina dynasty) *Defeated Federalist, Rufus King = decline of Federalists *No organized political opposition *supported growing nationalism *Eight years *Acquisition of Florida *Missouri Compromise *Monroe Doctrine

*younger generation *westward expansion *not European affairs *unlimited prosperity *Patriotic themes in: *Heroes of the Revolution in paintings *Gilbert Stuart *Charles Willson Peale *John Trumball *Parson Mason Weems *Fictionalized biography of virtues of George Washington *Noah Webster's blue-backed speller*Dominationg 19th century

*Political movement to support the growth of the nation's economy *Building of roads and canals *Protecting U.S. industries

*raised taxes to protect U.S. manufacturers from ruin *factories had been established during War of 1812 to supply goods that previously had been imported from Britain. *Peacetime, manufacturers British goods would be dumped on American markets and take away their business. *1st protective tariff *North opposed; not manufacturing *South and West liked; national prosperity

*adavancing nation's economic growth *protective tariffs *promote american manufacturing *raise revenue with which to build roads and canals *already in place *national bank *keep the system running smoothly by providing a national currency *internal improvements *promote growth *Madison and Monroe objected that the Constitution did not explicitly provide for the spending of federal money on roads *state left to make internal improvements on their own

*Came after Hamilton's charter (edpired in 1811) *Monroe

*1st major financial panic since the Constitution *Fault of the Second Bank *Tightened credit in a belated effort to control inflation *banks closed *calue of money deflated *increases in unemployment *increased bankruptcies *inprisonment for debt *most severe in the west *land speculation based on postwar euphoria had placed many people in debt *forclosure *Nationalistic beliefs shaken *West= changed many voter's political outlook *land reform *Blah national bank and Debtor's prisons

*Supreme Court *Decisions landmark cases *consistently favored the central gov. *rigths of property against advocates of states' rights *Rep. followed him; too persuaded that the U.S. Constitution had created a Union of states, strong flexible powers

*Land fraud in Georgia *State could not pass legislation invalidating a contract *1st time that the Supreme Court declared a state law to be unconstitutinal and invalid

*Law of New Hampshire *Dartmouth College from a privately chartered college into a public institution *Argued that a contract for private corporation could not be altered by the state

*Maryland tried to collect from the Second Bank of the United States *Loose interpretation *Federal gov. had the implied power to create the bank *a state could not tax a federal institution *federal laws are supreme over state laws ~*~"the power to tax is the power to destroy"~*~

*New York monopoly was unconstitutional *Marshal established the federal gov.'s braod control of interstate commerce

*Prohibiting the further introduction of slaves into Missouri *requiring the children of Missouri slaves to be emancipated at the age of 25 *gradually eliminate slavery in Missouri *1st step in abolishing slavery in all states eek!