Exploring the Cell Theory Flashcards

Eukaryotes emerged when mitochondria and chioroplasts (structures that formerly lived on their own) took up permanent residence inside other larger cells

· all organisms composed of cells (schleiden and Schwann) · all cells arise from preexisting cells (Virchow 1855) · Cells are the basic unit of all organisms

Cells divided into two types · Prokaryotes – no nucleus or other internal membranes · Eukaryotes – have nucleus and are more complex

· No internal membranes, no nuclear membrane, E.R, mitochondria, vacuoles, or other organelles vs. distinct organelles · Circular, naked DNA vs. DNA wrapped with histone proteins into chromosomes · Small ribosomes vs. large ribosome’s · Anaerobic or aerobic metabolism vs. aerobic metabolism only · No cytoskeleton vs. cytoskeleton · Mainly unicellular vs. manily multicellular with differentiation of cell types · Small cells vs. larger cells

Developed first microscope

· Light microscope: uses light passing thru specimen living or dead to form image · Electron microscope: uses electrons passing through specimen to form image o Transmission e- microscope: studies interior of cells o Scanning e- microscopes: surface of cells · Phase-contrast microscopes: used to examine untainted, living cells

· ultracentrifuge used to separate liquid samples at high speed based on differences in density to isolate desired layer o Pellet forms at bottom first rich in nuclei o Pellet forms at bottom then rich in mitochondria o Pellet forms at bottom finally rich in ribosomes

· detailed cast of membrane. Tissue is then digested way leaving only tissue cast and then examined under e-microscope

Used to study properties of specific cells in viro (in lab);

· Fat cells: long, distended, fat, round · Nerve cells: long, thin, spindly because they are supposed to transmit impulses across synapses · Muscle cells: smooth cells · Though they look different, they pretty much have the same organelles

contains chromosomes (genetic material) and are wrapped with special proteins into a chromatin network; surrounded by selectively permeable nuclear membrane with pores that allow for transport of molecules (mRNA)

Components of ribosomes are synthesized. One or two nucleoli may be visible; not membrane-bound (tangle of chromatin)

sites of protein synthesis, found in cytoplasm or attached to E.R.

E.R: membranous system of channels and flattened sacs that traverse cytoplasm

· Rough: site of protein synthesis · Smooth has three functions: o Assists in synthesis of steroied hormones and other lipids o Connects to rough e.r. to golgi apparatus o Carries out various detox. Processes