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Cards In This Set
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What was the counter culture of the 1960s fueled by?
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1. The divisive war in Vietnam- external colonialism2. The challenges of the Civil Rights Movement- internal colonialism**Also, the baby boomers' increasing blame on its parents' generation for these problems
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What the "counterculture" of the 1960s ever defined as a movement? Who did it marginalize?
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It was never defined as a movement as thought then and later. It often marginalized women and other outsiders despite the claim for justice and equality.
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What was important about the year 1967?
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1. "The Summer of Love"2. Summer of the Beatles' (and producer George Martin's) Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band which was a concept album. This marks the Beatles' giving up of live performance (Ironically, their first album after giving up live performance is a recreation of a live performance.3. Around the same time (maybe not exactly in 1967)An alternative rock scene develops in San Francisco (countercultural capital). The growth of and marketing of the "hippie" movement there, which implied a countercultural lifestyle that was communal and drug-centered
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What is "psychedelic rock" and where did it develop?
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It is a fusion of many styles - folk-rock, blues, hard rock. It also has Latin and Indian influences. It combines these elements into an edgy and distinctive style. It developed in San Francisco.
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What was the first nationally successful band to come out of the San Francisco scene? What did they establish? Did they achieve commercial success? Whose influence did the band reflect and did they write their own material?
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- Jefferson Airplane- They established "acid rock"- They achieved commercial success even though they came out of the counterculture and they recorded songs that made it high on the pop charts.- They reflected the influences of the Beatles, the Airplane, and most of the other rock bands of the era, and they wrote their own material.
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Who was Janis Joplin? What was she like and what kind of music was she famous for? What were her "full tilt" performances known for? Was she influential? When did her career end and what caused this?
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- brilliant, troubled, successful blues singer; powerful, independent woman- famous for blues music- her "full tilt" performances were often given under the influence of powerful drugs and much alcohol- was a very influential artist- her career was cut short in 1970 because of an overdose
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What was The Grateful Dead? What transition did they help to pioneer? What instruments did they adopt? Where did they live? What did they participate in before it was outlawed?
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- a social phenomenon as well as a popular band- helped to pioneer the transition from urban folk music to folk rock to acid rock- adopted electrical instruments (in the late 1960s)- lived communally in the Haight- Ashbury district of San Francisco- participated in public LSD parties before the drug was outlawed
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Who was Jimi Hendrix? What characteristics of his music represented important additions to the musical techniques and materials available to guitarists? What did he explore the borders between?
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- "the most original, inventive and influential guitarist of the rock era, and the most prominent African American rock musician of the 1960s- his use of feedback, distortion, and sound manipulating devices like the wah-wah pedal and the fuzz box and his aggressive dissonance and incredibly loud volume- explored the borderlines between traditional conceptions of music and noise
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Was all of the record-buying public into the counterculture? What kind of market continued throughout the 1960s and 1970s? What was an example of this continuing market?
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- no, not all were into the counterculture- A large and conservative market continued throughout the 1960s and 1970s- traditional Tin-Pan Alley-style popular songs continued to be recorded, listened to, and purchased
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What two people made up the team that served as an example of the continuing Tin Pan Alley songwriting tradition? Who were many of their songs sung by and written for? What were the characteristics of each of the team members' music? What are three of the hits that the trio (the team + the singer) created?
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- Burt Bacharach and Hal David- many of their songs were sung by and written for Dionne Warwick- their songs are easily identifiable- David' lyrics were traditional and more along the lines of earlier lyrics by Ira Gershwin or Cole Porter- Bacharach's music owes little if anything to rock and is distinct from previous Tin Pan Alley styles (his rhythms are sophisticated, he uses minor keys, melodies and harmonies are sophisticated- The team plus Warwick had many hits in the 1960s (sometimes even called glories of the 1960s) but sometimes got lost in the shuffle of hard rock and counterculture ideas of the era- "Alfie," "Walk On By," and "Promises, Promises" were three of the many hits that the trio created
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What was significant about Merle Haggard's music? When was it popular? What song was probably created as a spoof but was taken very seriously by the people who hated the counterculture? How did this song do on the country charts? What was the meaning behind the song "If We Make It Through December" (1973)? What is the meaning behind the song "America First" (2005)? Why is Haggard's work often hard to pidgeonhole?
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- The music was often controversial and many songs were forms of social commentary and/ or criticism- It was popular in the time around 1969.- "Okie From Muskogee" may or may not have been satirical (or serious), but it enraged the liberals and became an anthem for working class whites who resented the counterculture and its antiwar (perceived as unpatriotic) stance- it was number on the country charts (did not do as well on the pop charts)- "If We Make It Through December "captured the real life dilemmas of wroking class Americans struggling to create secure lives for their families in a hostile world- "America First" is a strong indictment of the war in Iraq and the resulting condition of the United States-His work can be hard to pidgeonole because it is as critical of the status quo as it is supportive of it
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What sad events marked the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1970s?
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1970: Jimi Hendrix and Janis Joplin both died of overdoses1970: The Beatles broke up1971: JIm Morrison of The Doors died
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The 1970s were characterized by a consolidation of the music industry? What six corporations were responsible for over 80% of record sales in the US by the end of the decade? What happened to all of these corporations except one by the turn of the century and what was the name of this sole corporation?
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- Columbia/ CBS- Warner Communications- RCA Victor- Capitol-EMI- MCA- United States-MGM- By the turn of the century, all of the companies except one were swallowed up by larger international corporations- Only Warner- now Time Warner- remained an American corporation
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What did the music industry create more and more of despite the consolidations of the 1970s? What are examples of these? What dominated the AM radio airwaves? What did this domination diminish for many AM radio listeners?
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- it created more and more niche markets for specific interests- examples of these include: Middle of the Road (MOR), easily listening, country pop, funk, soft soul, heavy metal punk rock, etc. (**not sure if we have to know these or if so how many- just be familiar) - The Top 40 Playlist Format (based on nationally distributed, pre-taped sequences of hit songs, dominated the AM radio airwaves- This domination resulted in a diminished range of choices, at least for AM radio listeners.
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During the 1970s, what type of music was increasingly thought of as white music? What did the resultant spilt between black and white popular music mean for black artists? What was Philadelphia Sound? What group performed this and what is an example of one of their songs? What was Philadelphia sound a precursor to?
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- rock music was increasingly thought of as white music- the split meant that the music of black artists was less frequently given air time unless it was the "soft soul" that made its way into AM Top 40 Playlists- Philadelphia sound was one of the most commercially successful forms of soul music during the 1970s- Philadelphia sound was performed by groups such as the O'Jays ("Love Train")- Philadelphia sound was a precursor to disco
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