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A substance or compound that provides nourishment (or food) or raw materials needed for life processes
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Nutrient
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The breaking down of food into chemical substances that can be used for energy
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Digestion
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The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius
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Calorie
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An organic compound that participates in biochemical reactions and that builds various molecules in the body
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Vitamin
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A natural, usually inorganic solid that has a characteristic chemical composition, an orderly internal structure, and a characteristic set of physical properties
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Mineral
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An enzyme that breaks down starches into sugars
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Amylase
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A long, straight tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
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Esophagus
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An enzyme that is found in gastric juices and that helps break down proteins into smaller molecules
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Pepsin
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An enzyme that breaks down fat molecules into fatty acids and glycerol
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Lipase
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One of many tiny projections from the cells in the lining of the small intestine; increases the surface area of the lining for absorbtion
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Villus (villi)
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A section of the large intestine
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Colon
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The process of eliminating metabolic wastes
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Excretion
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The principle nitrogenous product of the metabolism of proteins that forms in the liver from amino acids and from compounds of ammonia and that is found in urine and other body fluids
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Urea
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The functional unit of the kidney
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Nephron
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The liquid excreted by the kidneys, stored in the bladder, and passed through the urethra to the outside of the body
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Urine
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