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Cards In This Set
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1. inhaled anesthetic agents are __ __ that change easily from a __ state to __ state** they remain primarily in what state at room temp?2. the gaseous phase of a substance that is __ at room temp and atm pressure3. vapor pressure= the pressure exerted by a __ in ___ with its ___ state4. the number of vapor molecules will remain constant under what condition?5. substance with high vapor pressure at normal temp is said to be ___
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1. volatile liquids/ liquid --> gaseous2. vapor / liquid3. vapor/ equilibrium/ liquid4. temp remains constant5. volatile
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1. how does increasing or decreasing the temp affect the vapor pressure?2. vapor pressure is independent of __ __ and is contingent only on what?3. passing a carrier gas over the liquid shifts the equilibrium toward the __ __-- the heat of vaporization is supplied from what?-- this causes what?
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1. dcrs'd temp will dcrs vapor pressure- incr temp will incr vapor pressure2. independent of atm pressure and is contingent only on the physical characteristics of the liquid and temp3. vapor phase-- the remaining liquid-- a drop in temp
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Boiling Point1. def = temp at which the __ __ equals __ __2. the most volatile agents are those with what kind of vapor pressures?-- which agent has the highest vapor pressure?3. the pressure exerted by a specific gas alone?-- this depends on what?4. the highest partial pressure that can be exerted by a gas at a given temp
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1. vapor pressure = atmospheric pressure2. highest saturated vapor pressures for any given temp, and thus, the lowest B.P.-- Desflurane3. partial pressure-- temperature of the gas and is unaffected by the total pressure above the liquid4. vapor pressure
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1. ratio of volumes percent2. volumes percent expresses the relative __; while partial pressure expresses an __ __3. define heat of vaporization4. what happens to temp of a liquid during vaporization?5. this change can affect vaporizer output how?
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1. partial pressure/ total pressure2. ratio/ absolute value3. number of calories to change 1gm of liquid into a vapor4. temp decreases (in absence of outside energy source)5. reduce vaporizer output
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1. define specific heat2. a high specific heat will require more or less energy to raise the temp?3. specific heat of water? (standard)
**S.H. is important when considering the amt of heat that must be supplied to a liquid anesthetic to maintain a stable temp when heat is lost during vaporization** 4. do temp changes occur more quickly for materials with high or low S.H.? |
1. the amt of heat (calories) needed to raise the temp of 1gm (or 1ml) of substance 1 degree C2. more energy (or heat)3. 1cal/gm/C or 1cal/ml/C4. low S.H.
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1. measure of speed with which heat flows thru a substance 2. heat is better conducted thru material with high or low thermal conductivity?3. why must heat be supplied to liquid anesthetic agent in a vaporizer?4. __ transfers heat well; __ and __ transfer heat poorly
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1. thermal conductivity2. high3. to maintain temp d/t vaporization heat loss4. metal/ glass and air
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1. 2 primary functions of a vaporizer2. they produce a __ __ concentration of anesthetic agent-- accomplished in 1 of what 2 ways?3. 3 names for bypass type
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1. - provides environment where liquid agent can change to vapor- controls the temperature2. clinically useful-- splitting the gas flow in the vaporizer (splitting ratio) OR diluting the gas after it passes thru the vaporizer chamber3. variable bypass concentration calibrated vaporizertec-type vaporizers
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Vaporizer Classification1. 2 types r/t arriving at the correct amt of vapor2. 2 types based on temp controlling
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1. electronic = volume of carrier gas needed is determined by a computer, and sends the carrier gas thru the vaporizing chamber to produce the desired anesthetic agent concentrationinjection = calculates amt of liquid agent and injects that liquid agent into the breathing system or fresh gas flow2. gas-vapor blender: heat produces vapor which is injected into fresh gas flowtemperature compensated: equipped with automatic devices to ensure constant vaporizer output over wide range of ambient temps
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1. what is used to maximize the surface area of carrier gas to liquid agent?2. saturated carrier gas exits the vaporizer chamber and combines with fresh gas in the __ __3. vaporized mixture flows out of manifold to what?
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1. system of wicks2. bypass channel3. common gas outlet
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Bi-Metallic Strip1. acts as a __ __ __2. consists of what?3. they expand/ contract differently based on the temp allow diff amts of vapor thrua. warmer temp causes what?b. cooler temp causes what?**4. net effect?**
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1. thermostatically controlled valve2. 2 diff metals bonded together 3a. high pressure in vaporizing chamberbi-metallic strip leans to the right --> incr flow thru bypass chamber and less thru vaporizerb. vapor pressure decreases, bimetallic strip leans to left --> allows more flow thru vaporizer4. constant flow thru the vaporizing chamber
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1. what are the differences btw variable bypass and measured flow vaporizers?2. 2 names for "measured flow" vaporizers-- no longer available in US
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1. variable bypass = vaporizer determines carrier gas split-- the carrier gas "flows over" liquid agentmeasured flow = operator determines carrier gas split-- "bubble thru" liquid agent2. kettle-type and Vernitrol
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1. vaporizers are mounted to the machine via what?2. it serves as a ___ for fresh gas to flow3. if a vaporizer is turned on, the fresh gas takes a ___ into the __ to pick up agent and then continues on thru the ___4. vaporizers are installed on a pair of ___ ___ ___ located in the vaporizer manifold-- when vaporizer is off or not installed?-- when vaporizer is on?
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1. manifold2. passageway3. detour/ vaporizer/ manifold4. two-way port valves-- each port valve is closed (prevents gas from escaping into room or into unused vaporizer)-- port valves are pressed open
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1. 2 or 3 agent vaporizers can be mounted, but what 4 manifold safety features are present?
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1. - vaporizers must be mounted securely to prevent leakage into room- only one vaporizer can be turned on at a time- prevention against accidentally brushing/ turning on vaporizer/ dial release button must be pressed to allow concentration dial to turn- interlocking rods/ interlocking slide bar for 3 vaporizers
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1. what pushes interlocking rods out to the side?2. what can be used on a 3 station manifold when the middle vaporizer is missing?
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1. dial release button is pushed2. interlock slide bar
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Effects of Intermittent Back Pressure --> Pumping Effect1. occurs during __ or __ __2. defined as the __ __ generated during __ that is transmitted from the __ __ back into the ___3. another source of back pressure?4. back pressure has what possible effects on vaporizer output?5. pumping effect has what effect on vaporizer output?
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1. controlled or assisted ventilation2. positive pressure/ inspiration/ breathing system/ vaporizer3. oxygen flush valve4. may increase or decrease vaporizer output5. causes higher vaporizer output concentration than dialed setting d/t back pressure
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