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Anthropological theory
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A set of propositions about which aspects of
culture are critical, how they should be studied, and what the goal of studying
them should be
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Culture and Personality
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A theoretical position in anthropology that held
that cultures could best be understaff by examining the patterns of child
rearing and considering their effect on adult lives and social institution
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Cognitive Anthropology
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A theoretical position in anthropology that
examines the relationship between humans and plants in different cultures
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Ethnobotany
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A focus within anthropology that examines the
ways in which people in different cultures understand health and sicknesses as
well as the ways they attempt to cure disease
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Ethnomedicine
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A focus within anthropology that examines the
ways in which people in different cultures understand health and sicknesses as
well as the ways they attempt to cure disease
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Symbolic Anthropology
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A theoretical position in anthropology that
focuses on understanding cultures by discovering and analyzing the symbols that
are most important to their members
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Interpretive Anthropology
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A theoretical position in anthropology that
focuses on using humanistic methods, such as those found in the analysis of
literature, to analyze culture and discover the meaning of culture to its
participants
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Organic Analogy
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The comparison of societies to living organisms
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Functionalism
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A theoretical position in anthropology, common
in the first half of the 20th century, that focuses on finding
general laws that identify different elements of society, show how they relate
to each other, and demonstrate their role in maintain social order
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Ecological Functionalism
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A theoretical position in anthropology that
focuses on the relationship between environment and society
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Norms
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Shared ideas about the way things ought to be
done; rules of behavior that reflect and enforce culture
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Values
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Shared ideas about what is true, right and
beautiful
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Subculture
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A group within a society that shares norms and
values significantly different from those of the dominant culture
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Dominant Culture
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The culture with the greatest wealth and power
in a society that consists of many subcultures
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Historical Particularism
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A theoretical position in anthropology
associated with American anthropologists of the early 20th century
that focuses on providing objective descriptions of cultures within their
historical and environmental context
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