BASIC INORGANIC CHEMISTRY DEFINITIONS

Average mass of an atom of an element compared to that of another element, based upon C-12 scale

An atom having the same number of protons as another atom but with a different number of neutrons

10^6 times more engergy then chemical reactions, nuclear fisson, and nuclear fussion

Nucli. of max. stabliltiy, have mass# ~60; atomic # ~25; splitting of very heavy nucleus to a pair of nuclei,, ~mass 60 = energy release

Joining of two of the lightest nuclei= energy release

Gas cluster 1-100; peak @ sizes 1low and 1 high -stable in nature -suggest shell level scheme similar into idea to orbital energy

-uncommon -spontaneous fission of a very heavy nucleus into 2 more stable fragments -nuclei decay; alpha, beta, gamma

-H2^4 (helium) -only occurs in elments mass above 200(heavey isotopes split out alpha particles) -mass decrease of 4 U92^238 {a} TH90^234 + He2^4 -weak penetration

To become stable a nucleus emits a negative e.g C6^14 {a} N7^14 + Beta 1^0 --OR-- To become stable might emit a positive e' (positron) C6^11 {a} B5^11 + Beta 1^0 -Neutron might turn into a protron or vise versa. -unstable isotope of H has converted itself into a stable isotope of He -mass is conserved -will give off e' which will cancell out one proton -when atoms doesnt have enough neutrons to become stable beryllium decays to lithium; protons turns into a neutron -may take more then one reaction to arrive at a stable isotope -100x more penetration then alpha

-after alpha and beta nucleus my be excited still {a} release high energy with high frequency photon= gamma ray -deep penentration

Finding electron at location at any given time on: Quatum number -n shell (1,2,3,40; KLMN) -orbital (spdf) -magnetic quantium # +1/-1 spin quantum

A number used to describe the energy levels avaible to e' in atoms; four numbers.

-rule stating that sublevels are filled in order of increasing engergies, -ABC building blocks

An expression giving the population of electrons in each subshell.

The energy that must be absorbed to remove an e' from a species