Select Correct Option of These Genetic Drift Terms Flashcards

The differential success of alleles is called_____________________.
Select one:
a. selection
b. genetic drift
c. fixation
d. migration
e. evolution

All the alleles of all the genes present in a ll individuals in a species are referred to as the _________ of that species
Select one:
a. gene pool
b. allele frequency
c. genotype frequency
d. genotype
e. phenotype

The tree below represents a phylogeny of different mammalian species. What is represented by the node?Select one:
a. A recent speciation event
b. The appearance of a new mutation
c. The appearance of a new genetic variant
d. a common ancestor between human and mouse
e. a mouse/human species

There are three alleles are a specific locus in a population of humans. The alleles are D1, D2, and D3 and they have frequencies of 0.43, 0.30, and 0.28 respectively.
Select one:
a. D1 is dominant
b. D1 is definitely not dominant
c. It cannot be determined from this information whether D1 is dominant

With few exceptions, we can't use observable traits to measure genetic variation in populations because:
Select one:
a. observable traits don't vary enough among individuals to measure.
b. we can't identify enough observable traits to be useful, even if they could be measured
c. Most traits are only represented by two alleles
d. You will only be able to measure the dominant trait as the recessive one will be masked.
e. Many traits are encoded by large numbers of genes and observable traits are products of the environment as well as the genome

Interbreeding groups of organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area are called (one word, plural):

Which of the following are conditions of for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
Select one or more:
a. No differences in the survival and reproductive success of individuals
b. Random mating
c. No ongoing mutations
d. No migration
e. A limited gene pool

At the genetic level, evolution is
Select one:
a. a change in fitness over time
b. A population change over time.
c. a change in the frequency of an allele or genotype over time
d. an increase in fitness over time
e. natural selection

From an evolutionary perspective, germ-line mutations are more significant than somatic mutations. This is because:Select one:
a. somatic mutations don't affect the genomes of any cells
b. somatic mutations are generally harmful
c. only germ line mutations will appear in an individual's descendants
d. only germ-line mutations can be harmful

When the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met: (select all)
Select one or more:
a. evolution occurs
b. evolution does not occur
c. gene frequencies in the population change over time.
d. gene frequencies in the population do not change over time.
e. none of these occur when conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium are met.

The number of complex multicellular organisms has increased over the last billion years. Now think carefully about the question.
Select one:
True
False

The graph below coupled with the answer to the last question suggests that natural selection would favor more complex organisms in a given situation.TrueFalse

E. Coli cells were grown in a liquid broth that had limited glucose but was supplemented with citrate (a carbon source the bacteria couldn’t use directly, but is in the citric acid cycle), serially, for 35,000 generation (re-cultured every day and each sample frozen). In the experiment shown, a temporally representative subset of the cultures were individually cultured for 24 hours and the OD was compared. What does the O.D. MEASURE?Select one:
a. Whether e. coli can survive on citrate alone
b. the amount of bacteria in solution as measured by diffracted light
c. How well each generation metabolizes glucose.
d. The rate of bacterial growth

14.Why did it take so many generations for the e. coli to be able to grow on citrate?Select one:a. because e. coli grows much more slowly on citrate.b. It needed to use up the glucose firstc. because mutations are random and just need to happend. because citrate is a very complicated molecule.

This chart shows the ln( OD) of two different cultures sampled over time. Cit+ can use citrate Cit- cannot. The authors of the study argue that both strains are using glucose only for the first few hours of growth. If this is correct, would the cit+ e. coli grow better in a citrate only medium or a high glucose medium (note that the experiment shown is with low glucose)?Select one:a. citrate onlyb. glucose onlyc. you can't tell from these data, you'd have to do the experiment.