The Law Of Thermodynamics Flashcards

The capacity to make things happen; to cause change; to do work

The total amount of energy in the universe is constant; it cannot be created nor destroyed.

The spontaneous direction of energy flow is from high to low quality forms (energy is degraded)

Each energy conversion results in production of energy, usually ____.

As systems lose energy, then become more ____________.

Release energy such that the products have less energy that the reactants had. ("energy out")

Require energy input resulting in products with more energy than the reactants had. ("energy in")

The direction of a reaction depends on concentrations and the collision of molecules

The forward and reverse reactions proceed at equal rates; no net change in concentrations.

The amount of energy actually available to break (do work) and subsequently form other chemical bonds.

The amount of energy needed to destabilize chemical bonds and to initiate a chemical reaction.

Reduce the activation energy and so increase the rates of reactions (e.g. enzymes)

Form series of reactions that regulate the concentration of substances within cells by enzyme-mediated linear and circular sequences

Large molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are broken down to form products of lower energy; released energy can be used for cellular work. -going from more complex to less -exergonic - result of hydrolysis reaction

Small molecules are assembled into large molecules (e.g. simple sugars are assembled into complex carbs) -endergonic - result of synthesis