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Related Flashcards
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
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What is a Carcinoma?
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Epithelial derived cancer
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What is a Sarcoma?
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Connective tissue derived cancer
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What is Ras?
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Rat Sarcoma protein-tethered to plasma membrane (only functional here)-important in signal transduction-acts as GTPase
-protoncogene -epidermal growth factor and MAPK signalling pathways, and also inhibition of apoptosis |
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What are the 3 types of Ras?
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HRas, KRas, and NRas
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What types of mutations are found in Ras?
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-Point mutations --> Hyperactivation --> oncogene-allows cancer cell to produce cytokines (from activation of cfos), which change local area to give rise to growth.
-involved in growth, survival, motility, migration, and cell division |
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Describe the conformation of mutated Ras
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Often activated to hold the open conformation-maintains binding of GTP (gamma phosphate not removed so never becomes GDP)
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Prevalence of Ras mutations in human tumours?
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25-30%, sometimes significantly more in specific types of cancers.-leads to self sufficiency in growth signals (prolonged signalling)
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What is the leading cause of Death in Canada?
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Cancer, 29.9% of deaths due to cancer
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Cancer is a disease of ______?
--> what contributes to this? |
Aging.
-drops in certain hormones that maintain homeostasis-molecular changes within cells -less stem cells -mitochondrial function decline (lack apoptotic ability) |
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Incident Rate =
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Number of new cases (not including previous cases)-often recorded per per case (contrast to death rate which is often per 100,000)
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What percent of canadians will develop cancer?
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40%, (2/5)
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How many will die due to Cancer?
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25% (1/4)
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Why are 5 and 10 year survival rates improving?
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Early detection, and medical advances leading to better treatment
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 How does the aging demographic effect cancer rates? |
 As our population is proportionately older, a higher proportion of the population is at risk for cancer. This is hard to separate statistically from "increasing cancer rates"-if hold population "at 1984" level, cancer incidence rates don't appear to really be increasing, and death rates may actually be declining |
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For each country, name the most prevalent cancer:
CanadaUSABrazil UK China Japan Austrailia |
Canada: LeukemiaUSA: Colon CancerBrazil: Cervical Cancer
UK: Lung Cancer China: Liver Cancer Japan: Stomach Cancer Austrailia: Skin Cancer |
