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Cards In This Set
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What heart sound makes the beginning of systole?
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S1 . (first heart sound caused by the clousure of the atroventricular valves) ONSET of VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE.
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Does S1 occur during isovolumetric relaxation or contraction?
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During isovolumetric contraction.
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What heart sound is produced due to closure of the semilunar valves (the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve)?
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S2. Second heart tone. BEGINNING OF VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE.
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Fixed split S2?
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ASD (atrial septal defect)
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Early systolic murmur?
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VSD (ventricular septal defect)
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Holosystolic murmur heard at the apex?
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MR or TR ( mitral regurgitation or Tricuspid regurgitation).
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Systolic ejection murmur?
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Aortic stenosis or pulmonary stenosis.
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Systolic click and murmur?
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MVP (mitral valve prolapse).
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Early diastolic murmur?
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AR - PR (Aortic regurgitation or Pulmonary regurgitation).
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Continuous murmur?
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PDA (persitstent ductus arteriosus).
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Austin Flint Murmur?
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Murmur in Severe aortic regurgitation. (low pitched mid to late diastolic rumble at cardiac apex).
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Graham Steel murmur?
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Murmur in Pulmonary regurgitation with severe pulmonary hypertension PSAP > 70 mmHg.
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Carvallo's murmur?
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Murmur in Tricuspid regurgitation. (holosystolic high pitched murmur with augmentation during inspiration.
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Pericardial knock?
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Sound due to Constrictive pericarditis. Diastolic knock and early diastolic sound because of sudden cessation of ventricular filling.
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Friction rub?
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Sound due to Pericarditis (acute scartching) "Sounds like the squeak of a new saddler under a rider"
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