| Front | Back | 
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								Supervisory signaling									 | 
								On hook, off hook, ringing									 | 
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								Informational signaling									 | 
								Dial tone, busy, ringback, and so on									 | 
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								Address signaling									 | 
								Dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) and Pulse									 | 
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								Digital signal 0 (DS0)									 | 
								T1 circuit is built from 24 separate 64-kbps channels									 | 
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								E1 circuits									 | 
								Allow you to use up to 30 DS0s for voice calls									 | 
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								Channel associated signaling (CAS)									 | 
								Signaling information is transmitted using the same bandwidth as the voice.									 | 
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								Common channel signaling (CCS)									 | 
								Signaling information is transmitted using a separate, dedicated signaling channel.									 | 
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								Robbed bit signaling (RBS)									 | 
								T1 CAS steals bits from the voice channel to transfer signaling information									 | 
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								Voice device running the T1 line uses which bit on every sixth sample in each T1 channel (DS0)									 | 
								Eighth									 | 
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								Provide the connection between telephone handsets and the PBX system									 | 
								Line cards									 | 
| 
								Which is the signaling protocol used for ISDN circuits									 | 
								Q.931									 | 
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								Provide connections from the PBX system to the PSTN or other PBX systems									 | 
								Trunk cards									 | 
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								Provides the intelligence behind the PBX system; all call setup, routing, and management functions are contained in the?									 | 
								Control complex:									 | 
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								E.164 numbers are limited to a maximum length of how many digits									 | 
								15									 | 
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								Each number in the E.164 numbering plan contains what components									 | 
								• Country code • National destination code • Subscriber number |