Chapter 11- Cardiovascular Health

CVD- a disease of the heart and blood vessels -leading cause of heath in the united states -claims one life every 36 seconds, 2,400 American lifes everyday -some risk factors controllable some not

- obesity -diabetes -inactivity -tobacco use -high blood pressure -high cholesterol levels

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-trig levels -psychological and social factors: ----stress ----chronic hostility and anger ---- suppressing ppsychological distress ----- depression and anxiety ----- social isolation -----low socioeconomic status - alcohol and drugs

-family history/heredity -aging -being male -ethnicity- african americans have higher rates of hypertension and stroke

-C-reactive protein -Homocysteine -lipoprotien (A) or LP(B) -Infectios agents, such as: chlamydia pneumoniae, Cytomegalovirus, Helicobacter pylori - Metabolic syndrome

-Hypertension -stroke -heart disease and heart attacks -congestive heart failure -Atherosclerosis

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-the thickening of the arteriesby deposits of fats, cholesterol, and other substances -the process begins when the lining of the cells are damaged by :smoking, high cholesterol (LDL particles), high blood pressure -blockage to the cornary arteries is a heart attack -blockage to the brain is a stroke

- or myocardial infarction results when coronary artery becomes blocked -Angina pectoris- is a chest pain, a signal that the heart is not getting enough oxygen to supply its needs -Arrhythmia- a condition when eletrical impulses that control the heart are disrupted, resulting in an irregular pattern -sudden cardiac death- or cardiac arrest are caused by arrhythmias and can cause death if not treated immediatly

- Diagnosis- exercise stress test, MRI, echocardiagram, angiogram -Treatment- coronary bypass surgery, balloon angioplasty, prescription medications, low-dose asprin, lifestyle changes

Cerebrovascular Accident occurs when the brain is cut off -types of strokes --Ischemic stroke- caused by blood clot --Hemorrhagic stroke- caused by ruptured blood vessel -strokes may cause paralysis, walking disability, speech impetiment, or memory loss -treatment may include clot-dissolving and antihypertensive drugs

-a condition resulting in the hearts inability to pump out all of the blood that returns to it -blood blocks the viens leading to the heart, causing an accumulation of fluid in various parts of the body - caused by high blood pressure, heart attack, atherosclerosis, birth defects, rheumatic fever

- eat heart healthy --decreased fat and cholesterol intake --increase fiber --decreased sodium intake, increased pottassium intake --moderate alcohol consumption --DASH --exercise regularly -avoid tobacco -know and manage your blood pressure -know and manage your cholesterol -develop ways to handle stress and anger -know your risk factors

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