Chapter 13: Facing the Future: Six Visions of an Emerging International Order

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, formed in 1989 to foster trade and positive economic relationships in Asia and the Pacific.

An economic agreement between the ten members of ASEAN plus Japan, China and South Korea.

A term coined by US President George W. Bush to refer to Iran, Iraq, and North Korea, states which he deemed to pose the greatest threat to security.

The idea that international conflict in the future will be characterized not by interstate conflict but rather by conflict between civilizations, a loose term that seems to incorporate religious, cultural, ethnic and, to some extent, linguistic similarity.

Groups of states in economic competition organized around the economies and currencies of major economic powers.

The ability to maintain prosperity in a world of scarcity.

The end of ideological conflict and the victory of liberal values.

Sustained, organized violence perpetrated against a particular ethnic group with the goal of eradication of that group.

Alliances in which countries remained allied with the same partners over long periods of time.

Temporary alliances in which states form pacts but shift from one partner to the other depending on the circumstances.

An agreement between two or more states to eliminate tariffs, preferences, and import quotas on all (or most) goods between those states.

A situation in which traditional military competition is replaced by economic competition – a ‘struggle for the world product’ – and international dominance is measured by economic security.

A model of the future international system in which the sovereign states gives way to various ‘zones’ with differing characteristics.

A world with a Westphalian international system like the one we have today.

A haven of lawlessness where states have either failed completely or cannot wield authority over sub-national actors who control territory, command the allegiance of parts of the population, and may even control their own private or local armies. The pre-modern world is one zone in a potential model of global fracture.