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Related Flashcards
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Cards In This Set
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Aneuploidy(an´-yu-ploy´-de) A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.
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Barr bodyA dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome.
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Chromosome theory of inheritanceA basic principle in biology stating that genes are located on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns.
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Crossing overThe reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
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Cytogenetic mapA chart of a chromosome that locates genes with respect to chromosomal features distinguishable in a microscope.
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Dendrite(den'-drit) One of usually numerous, short, highly branched extensions of a neuron that receive signals from other neurons.
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Down syndromeA human genetic disease caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by mental retardation and heart and respiratory defects.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy(duh-shen´) A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele; characterized by progressive weakening and a loss of muscle tissue.
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DuplicationAn aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated.
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Genetic mapAn ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome.
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Genetic recombinationGeneral term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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Genomic imprintingA phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent.
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Hemophilia(he'-muh-fil'-e-uh) A human genetic disease caused by a sex-linked recessive allele resulting in the absence of one or more blood-clotting proteins; characterized by excessive bleeding following injury.
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InversionAn aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated.
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Linkage mapA genetic map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossing over of homologous chromosomes.
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Linked genesGenes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together.
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Map unitA unit of measurement of the distance between genes. One map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency.
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MonosomicReferring to a cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.
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NondisjunctionAn error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other.
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Parental typeAn offspring with a phenotype that matches one of the parental phenotypes; also refers to the phenotype itself.
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Polyploidy(pol´-e-ploy´-de) A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the result of an accident of cell division.
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Sex-linked geneA gene Located on A sex chromosome (usually the X chromosome), resulting in A distinctive pattern of inheritance.
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Translocation(1) An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from attachment of a chromosomal fragment to a nonhomologous chromosome. (2) During protein synthesis, the third stage in the elongation cycle when the RNA carrying the growing polypeptide moves from the A site to the P site on the ribosome. (3) The transport of organic nutrients in the phloem of vascular plants.
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TrisomicReferring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.
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Wild typeAn individual with the phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the phenotype itself.
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