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What are the seven characteristics of animals?
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Multicellular, heterotrophic, Eukaryotic cells, require oxygen, reproduce sexually (and perhaps sometimes asexually), motile, sexual reproduction leads to formation of Zygote which develops into an embryo.
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Five basic characteristics used when distinguishing between different phyla of animals:
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Body symmetry, cephalization, type of gut, type of body cavity, segmentation.
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Body symmetry
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How many equal parts can the body be cut into?
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Radial symmetry
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Body parts arranged regularly around a central axis. Animal can be cut into several identical segments, all aquatic or marine
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Bilateral Symmetry
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Body axis runs from anterior end to posterior end. Has dorsal surface and ventral surface, body can be cut into two planes (left and right)
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Cephalization
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Is there a head region where nerves become more concentrated?
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Sac-like gut
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One opening used for food entry and waste exit, one region where digestion, storage and excretion take place, incomplete digestive system.
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Tube-like gut
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Two openings at opposite ends, one where food enters and other for waste exit, seperate regions of tube for digestion, absorption, storage and excretion, complete digestive system.
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Body cavity
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Space between gut and body wall
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Coelum
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A peritoneum (type of tissue) lined body cavity between the gut cavity and the body wall (i.e. epidermis)
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Three types of body cavities
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Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate
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Acoelomate
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No body cavity, region between gut and body wall packed with organs
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Pseudocoelomate
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Unlined body cavity (pseudocoel) between gut and body wall (no peritineum)
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Coelomate
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True coelom present (i.e peritoneum lined cavity between gut and body wall)
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Segmentation
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Repeating series of body units, units may or may not be similar to one another.
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