Chapter 26 Section 4

The scientists who developed the atomic bomb had suspected since 1942 that it was possible to create an even more destructive thermonuclear weapon--the __________ __________.

By the time both countries had the H-bomb, this man was President. His secretary of state was staunchly anti-communist. For him, the Cold War was a moral crusade against communism. He promised that the United States could prevent the spread of communism by promising to use all of its force, including nuclear weapons, against any aggressor nation.

The willingness of the United States, under President Eisenhower, to go to the edge of all-out war became known as _____________. Under this policy, the United States trimmed its army and navy and expanded its air force (which would deliver the bombs) and its buildup of nuclear weapons. The Soviet Union followed suit.

As the nation shifted to a dependence on nuclear arms, the Eisenhower administration began to rely heavily on the recently formed _______________________ for information. This used spies to gather information abroad. The ________________ also began to carry out covert, or secret, operations to weaken or overthrow governments unfriendly to the United States.

However, in 1955, when West Germany was allowed to rearm and join NATO, the Soviet Union grew fearful. It formed its own military alliance, known as the ________ ______________. It linked the Soviet Union with seven Eastern European nations.

The Soviet Union's prestige in the Middle East rose because of its support for Egypt. To counterbalance this development, President Eisenhower issued a warning in January 1957. This warning, known as the _______________ ___________, said that the United States would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country. In March, Congress officially approved the doctrine.

As time went by, however, one man did gain power. That was _________ ____________. Like Stalin, he believed that communism would take over the world, but he thought it could triumph peacefully. He favored a policy of peaceful coexistence in which two powers would compete economically and scientifically.

By 1960, however, many U.S. officials were nervous about the U-2 program for two reasons. First, the existence and purpose of the U-2 was an open secret among some members of the American press. Second, the Soviets had been aware of the flights since the 1958, as ________ _________ ___________, a U-2 pilot, explained.

Khrushchev angrily called off the summit. He also withdrew his invitation to Eisenhower to visit the Soviet Union. Because of the _________ __________, the 1960s opened with tension between the two superpowers as great as ever.