Chapter 3 Early Childhood and Elementary School Years

Terms used to describe the placement of students with disabilities in gneral education settings: -Mainstreaming -inclusive education -least restructive environment

Became a well used term due to the increase in the number of segregated classes for children with disabilities students remain in the general education class program for at least some portion of the day while receiving speical education when and where needed

Mainstreming = inclusive education inclusive education = placement inclusive education = students with disabilities receive the services and supports appropriate to their individual needs within the general education setting

All support services are delivered to the student within the regular classroom setting

Most support services are delivered to the student within the regular classroom setting. However, when appropriate, the student may be placed in another instructional setting.

-belief in the value of inclusion on the part of professionals and parents -availability of formal and natural support networks -provide services and supports in age appropriate classrooms in neighborhood schools -access to general curriculum while meeting individual needs -multidisciplinary school wide support system

-the first years of life are crucial to the overall development of all children -but, these early years are particularly important for children with disabilities -early intervention is essential for improving the developmental outcomes of children with special needs

The handicapped childrens early education program (HCEEP) (1968) -model demonstration programs focused on experimental practices for young children with disabilities

-This law assured a free and appropriate public education to every eligible child with a disability between the ages of 3 and 5 -part H (changed to part C in the 1997 amendments to IDEA) was established to help states develop and implement early intervention services (birth to 3 years) -states are not required to participate, but every state provides some services under part C of IDEA

Early intervention entails comprehensive services and supports, including education, health care, and social services, for children from birth to 3 years of age IDEA 04' defines eligible infants and toddlers for one of two reasons -either a devlopmental delay -or a high probability of developmental delay

-1.5 standard deviations (SD) below the mean in two or more developmental areas, or 2 SD or more below the mean in one developmental area -based on a physicians statement of physical or mental condition associated with significant delays in development -in other words, a physician can say there is a high likelihood of delay based on diagnosis (e.g., c.p.)

Cognitive, adaptive (self-help), gross motor, fine motor, social, communication

-1.5 (SD) below the mean in two or more developmental areas, or eligible under 1 of the 11 school age categories: -communication disorder, autism spectrum disorder, etc. -Learning disabilities and emotional disabilities are rarely identified in preschool -For other health impairments, the disease process must be present for more than 60 days and influence learning -most common: communication developmental

Focus on a teaching the child needed skills in areas of developmental delay, preparing child for school setting, and incorporating intervention strategies into the childs play Benton County Services: articulation group (speech sound), severe articulation group, social communication class, developmental class, structured class, consultation to community sites, direct therapy (most common)

Home visits, direct therapy, physical therapist, and or occupational therapist Cascade Regional services: specialized support for children with vision and hearing impairments, orthopedic impairments or autism spectrum disorders recieve evaluation, consultation, support in community