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Cards In This Set
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Element
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A material made from a single type of atom, which cannot be broken down any further.
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Atom
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Fundamental building blocks for all matter; the smallest representative sample of an element. It consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.
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Molecule
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A cluster of atoms that bond together; the basic constituent of many different kinds of material.
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Electron
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Tiny, negatively charged particles that surround a posetively charged nucleus of an atom.
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Nucleus
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The very small, compact object at the center of an atom; made up primarily of protons and neutrons.
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Bohr Atom
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A model of the atom, developed by Niels Bohr in 1913, in which electrons exist only in allowed energy levels. In these energy levels, the electrons maintain fixed energy for long periods of time, without giving off radiation.
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Photon
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A particle-like unit of light, emitted or absorbed by an atom when an electrically charged electron changes state. The form of a single packet of electromagnetic radiation.
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Quantum Leap/Jump
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A process by which an electron changes its energy state without ever possessing an energy intermediate between the original and the final energy state.
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Spectrum
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The characteristic signal from the total collection of photons emitted by a given atom that can be used to identify the chemical elements in a material; the atomic fingerprint.
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Spectroscopy
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The study of emission and absorbtion spectra of materials in order to discover the chemical makeup of a material; a standard tool used in almost every branch of science.
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Periodic Table of the Elements
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An organizational system, first developed by Dimitri Mendeleev in 1869, now listing more than 110 elements by atomic weight (in rows) and chemical properties (in columns). The pattern of elements in the periodic table reflects the arrangement of electrons in their orbits.
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