Chemistry Basics - Periodic Table

Rows are called periods

Columns are called groups or families

- Group 18 (8A)-Monatomic-Noble, content with being a single atom and rarely do they bond with other atoms or each other-Can be liquified by decreasing temp &/or increasing pressure

-Group 1 (1A)-Soft, shiny metals-React w/ many substances including the water vapor in air-Tend to LOSE an E- therefore they tend to be POSITIVE ions (+1)

-Group 17 (7A)-Neutral at room temp-Stable only when diatomic (F₂)-Very reactive -Tend to GAIN an E- making it a NEGATIVE ion(-1)-Haloid Ion: A single halogen atom with a -1 charge

-Group 1 (1A)-Has the characteristics of both alkali metals and halogens

The staircase on the Periodic Table starts at B and runs diagonally down to the right.
It signifies the separation of metal and nonmetal elements.

The 6 elements bordering the staircase, which is not including Al, are the metalloids.
B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, (Po) - sometimes Po is considered it, depends on textbook

Metalloids have a chemical behavior that is in-between metals and nonmetals.

Nonmetals are located to the right of the metalloids on the periodic table.
There are a total of 18 nonmetals

Hydrogen, even though it is placed in group one, is considered to be a nonmetal.
Hydrogen has unique properties but mostly acts like a nonmetal.

The metals are found to the left of the metalloids on the periodic table.

Noble Gases

Hydrogen

Boron (B)