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Cards In This Set
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What is considered a normal volume of urine production per day?
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0.75 - 2.0 L/day
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What volume of urine produced is considered polyuric/polyuria?
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> 2.0 L/day
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What volume of urine produced is considered oligouric/oligouria?
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< 0.2 L/day (oligo is greek for few/little)
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What volume of urine produced is considered anuric/anuria?
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None!
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What is the ~ min. volume of urine required for the chem department to perform routine & microscopic analyses?
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~ 12 mL
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What does the 2 hr rule for urine refer to?
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Try to test urine within 2 hrs; if can't test right away, put in fridge.
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What parameters of urine will increase with time (as the urine ages)? (know why it increases)
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Color, turbidity, nitrite, bacteria, pH, odor (color due to oxidatn of urobilinogen to urobilin; rest all due to bacterial activity or ppts)
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What parameters of urine will decrease with time (as the urine ages)? (know why it decreases)
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[glucose], [ketones], [bilirubin], [urobilinogen], + RBCs, WBCs & Casts can lyse or break down
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If measuring Ca2+ in a 24hr urine, what additive is added to the collectn container? (pt can't pee directly into container b/c of this!)
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HCl. prevents calcium from forming crystals
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When a urine sample is received & a micro analysis is ordered, what measurement is recorded b4 removing supernatant?
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Volume. (volume of urine affects amt of sediment produced)
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Why would urine smell like maple syrup?
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Pt has a metabolic defect; can't break down amino acids leucine, isoleucine, & valine
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SG is similar to osmolality, but is different (and more specific) in 1 way. What is the difference?
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Osmolality is more accurate, however SG takes into account particle SIZE while osmol does not.
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Name 2 causes of low SG (< 1.002) urine?
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Diabetes insipidus (ltd to no ADH), overhydration; also can be seen w/ renal inflammation/damage
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Name 4 causes of high SG (> 1.030) urine?
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Diabetes mellitus, NEPHROTIC syndrome, dehydration, congestive heart failure
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What are the 2 methods for measuring SG?
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Refractometry or chemstrip (pKa)
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