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In the three centuries after the end of the Han dynasty, what did China experience in these areas?
Government, Economy, Religion |
Government: -Changed hands often -Large landowners controlled local affairsEconomy: -Improved through good harvests -Growing market for silkReligion: -Buddhism became popular -Confucianism declined
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What did Emperor Wen do, during the Sui Dynasty, to achieve each of the following? Technique, Result
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Technique: -followed ancient Chinese political practices Result: a sense of common history Technique: -organized public works projects Result: a sense of common goals Technique: -founded colleges for the study of classics Result: preservation of classics Technique: -set up departments for different gov't functions Result: efficient government Technique: -encouraged three systems of thought and practice Result: Chinese unity
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What were some of the achievements of the Tang and Song dynasties in the following areas?Arts, Civil Service, Roads and Waterways, Crops and Farming Methods, Business, Inventions
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Arts: Outstanding poetry and painting, reflected humans and nature Civil Service:People chosen and promoted on basis on merit (meritocracy) More classes represented in gov'tRoads and Waterways:Built good roads w/ hostels Extended canals Sponsored hostels along waterwaysCrops and Farming Methods:Brought fast-growing rice--> created surplus Gave land to peasants Taught them to irrigate Business:Developed first paper money Merchant class grewInventions : Chain drive Printing Movable type Gunpowder Compass
Rudder Fishing reel
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What happened in each of the following areas during the rule of the Mongols in China? Government, Economy, Farming, Arts and Civilization, Contact with the West
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Government:-Adopted certain Chinese traditions of gov't to strengthen Mongol rule -Gave Chinese lease important jobs Economy:-Much wealth lost in agriculture -Trade prosperedFarming:-Canals, irrigation neglected -Good farm land used for pasture -Land seized from peasantsArts and Civilization:-Chinese culture disrupted -Chinese ideas spread West (Silk Road)Contact with the West: ---> Increased through camel caravans, postal relays, ship trade
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After Emperor Taizo and other Ming rulers defeated the Mongols what changes took place in the following areas? Government, Helping the Poor, Contact with the West
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Government:Taizu restored traditional gov't but he and later Ming rulers became despots, holding absolute powerHelping the Poor:Taizu gave homeless people land and narrowed gap between rich and poorContact with the West: Ming rulers tried to restrict trade with the West (silk, tea)
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What three benefits did the sea provide to Japan?
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Food, Transportation, Barriers against invasion
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What evidence have archaeologists found of each of the following early cultures in Japan? Jomon, Yayoi, tomb culture
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Jomon:shells, fish hooks, harpoon pointsYayoi:metal tools settled agriculturetomb culture:graves filled with mirrors, crowns, clay figures
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What does each religion teach?Shinto, Buddhism
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Shinto: natural world filled with divine spirits, KamiBuddhism: rewards to the faithful and the good
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What effect, if any, did the Taika Reforms have on each of the following? ownership of farmland, supervision of land, power of the clans, lives of the peasant
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ownership of farmland:property of emperorsupervision of land:clan leaderspower of the clans: reducedlives of the peasant: little change, paid gov't instead of clan leaders
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Life at the Kyoto Court. Literature, Dress
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Literature:-poems express sadness at death of beauty; cherry blossom, aware -diaries were important -Tale of Gengi was written
Dress: -long hair for women admired -white (rice) powder for women and men -women blackened teeth -women shaved, repainted brows -fancy clothing--> 12+ silk robes |
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Life of the Peasants. Lifestyle, Work (big idea: MISERY!)
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Lifestyle: poor and miserable crowded hutsWork: tenants, carpenters, laborers, farmers
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How did power slip away from the emperor and end up in the hands of the nobles? Events: 1. Power of Buddhist monks was limited. 2. Fujiwara became regents. 3. Courtiers became caught up with court life. 4. Nobles regained control of land.
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1. emperor: yes nobles: no 2. emperor: no nobles: no3. emperor: no nobles: yes4. emperor: no nobles: yes
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In the warrior government, what was the role of each of the following? Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai
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Shogun: Head of warrior class, real power of Japan (general) Daimyo: Nobles who owned large agricultural estates in provinces Samurai: The warriors help positions as officials in provinces (Those who serve)
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What were some of the beliefs? Pure Land Buddhism, Zen Buddhism
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Pure Land Buddhism: Believers would be reborn in paradise ("heaven"), stressed afterlife, chanting name of Amida BuddhaZen Buddhism: Stressed individual enlightenment, physical and mental exercise
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Why was it appealing? Pure Land Buddhism, Zen Buddhism
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Pure Land Buddhism: So much disorder in daily life
Zen Buddhism: Stressed exacting spiritual and physical discipline, breaking away from logic, meditation attractive to those who could not read |
