Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary Alterations

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Cards In This Set

Front Back
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease
  • 1.) Cough
  • 2.) Dyspnea
  • 3.) Chest pain
  • 4.) Abnormal sputum
  • 5.) Hemoptysis
  • 6.) Cyanosis (relative to chronic)
  • 7.) Fever
Is a protective reflex that helps clear the airways by an explosive expiration
Cough
4 things that intitate cough
  • 1.) Inhaled particles
  • 2.) Accumulated mucus
  • 3.) Inflammation
  • 4.) Presence of foreign body
Cough is initiated by stimulation of ______ recpetors
Irritant receptors
Irritant receptors are located in (6)
  • 1.) Larynx
  • 2.) Tracheobronchial tree
  • 3.) Pleura
  • 4.) Diaphragm
  • 5.) External auditory canal
  • 5.) pericardium (heart)
  • 6.) Stomach.
______ don't have irritant receptor
Alveoli
Cough reflex consists of (4), causing a sudden, forceful expiration that removes the offending matter
  • 1.) Inspiration
  • 2.) Closure of the glottis and vocal cords
  • 3.) Contraction of the expiratory muscle
  • 4.) Reopening of the glottis
3 central things that stimulates cough receptors resulting in cough reflex:
  • 1.) Vagus nerve
  • 2.) Opiates
  • 3.) Serotonergic agents
Inability to cough or inhibition of cough increase risk for________
Pneumonia
Acute cough lasts for ____ week s
< under 2 to 3 weeks
Acute cough results of (6)
  • 1.) Upper respiratory infection
  • 2.) Allergic rhinitis
  • 3.) Acute bronchitis
  • 4.) Pneumonia
  • 5.) congestive heart failure
  • 6.) pulmonary embolus
Chronic cough persisted for
Over 3 weeks
In smokers, cough is caused by (5)
  • 1.) Postnasal drainage syndrome
  • 2.) Bronchitis
  • 3.) Asthma
  • 4.) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • 5.) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors; lisinopril, ramipril)
In non smokers, cough is caused by
  • 1.) Chronic bronchitis
  • 2.) Lung cancer
  • 3.) ACE inhibitor
Subjective experience of breathing discomfort
Dyspnea