Corrections

The range of community and institutional sanctions, treatment programs, and services for managing offenders

Study of punishment

Three major components of criminal system

Three governmental levels of correctional systems

-“Congregate and silent” system -Allowed production of goods and more income for the state -American jails//19th century

(1980-present) –Fueled by “nothing works” review by Robert Martinson in the 1970s –Called for need to be “tough” on criminals –Return to Classical School of criminology

(1870-1910) –focused on education and vocational programs

(1910-1935) –prison-made products

–Eastern Penitentiary –Western Penitentiary –“Separate and silent” system

Founder, Cesare Beccaria–Essays on Crime and Punishment (1764)

Created concept of hedonistic calculus

Objective of an intelligent man is to seek the most pleasure and the least pain

Imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority

Offense punishable by a year or more of incarceration

Crime punishable by less than a year