Early Pangs, Witches, Slaves, and Quakers

The allegations found for Bridget Bishop seem farfetched now. Bridget Bishop (ca. 1632, England – 10 June 1692 Salem, Massachusetts) was the first person executed for witchcraftduring the Salem witchcraft trials of 1692..witchcraft. Well the response to someone, especially women, acting out of there “place” was refuted with a strong hand of authority. how disrespectfully women were treated in the colonial era.

Hutchinson held Bible meetings for women that soon had great appeal to men as well. Eventually, she went beyond Bible study to proclaim her own theological interpretations of sermons, some, such as antinomianism, offended the colony leadership. A major controversy ensued, and after a trial before a jury of officials and clergy, she was banished from theMassachusetts Bay Colony.^[3Hutchinson was put on trial simply because she was a threat to the religious authorities. The fact that a woman was able to gather a following of men and women and shake up the religious foundations of the Puritans had to be of concern to the ministers. Religious freedom

Roger Williams (December 21, 1603 – April 18, 1683) was an American Protestant theologian, and the first American proponent of religious tolerationand the separation of church and state, In 1644, he set up the colony ofRhode Island and Providence Plantations, which provided a refuge for religious minorities. He has to make a point that we all would take for granted that you can have civil laws that are not based in religion because they just did not understand that  Shows how intertwined religion and church were in people’s mindsAudience: The world, he is defending his ideas to the world  He was seen as radical  Why he is banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony  Kicked out, goes to Rhode Island “I remain studious.”  Illustrates that he does not know everything  Addressing the whole tolerance question Sad that we’re taught that the Puritans created Religious Tolerance

William Penn, 1644-1718: Quaker Movement: Started by George Fox Penn’s “Holy Experiment” : “governed by the laws of your own making and live a free…life”“God has furnished me with a better resolution” Letter to those residing in Pennsylvania: 1681Main Principles of Quakers (Society of Friends): Inner LightIndividuals can receive direction revelation from GodNo need for churches/ministersEgalitarian: women granted full membership Early opponents of slavery, since Africans also contain the inner light Doctrine of Humility: Plain clothingUse of “thee” and “thou”Quaker Meeting: Men and Women (Separated)Face each other: Everyone is speakingThere is no minister: everyone can speak, share their own revelations Holy Experiment:
Bought and did not simply TAKE land from Native Americans …Pacifists: (Quakers)  Hard to be pacifists

Out of Great Awakening, blacks to blacks prching
Spirit told him to do this  Powerful for a black slave to express to white slaveholders  Why is Turner speaking? What does he have to gain? Story of religious upheaval (and violence)  Will be heard by black and white peopleHow does this all fit in with performance? Doing this to profess his beliefs before this? Performance to get others to follow that? Act of itself is performance  More about what heard when talked about  More about the massacre, not the individuals killed, as much as the effect of killing those individuals, the people’s reaction Hidden/Public TranscriptsPERFORMED VIOLENCE: Nat Turner Great Example: Remember throughout the Bodies, voicesRESISTANCE: What is the role of resistance in this account? Public/Hidden Transcripts: Domination and the Arts of Resistance Resisting the power structure, the injustice that is being cause, but he is not resisting the punishment  Martyrdom in a way?

Passionate, emotional, Connecting Religion to Dance, Emotional style of preaching Public Transcripts/Hidden Transcripts (Hushed Harbors