EENT Diseases

Autoimmine vasculitits common in pts 50-85 systemic, affects medium and large size vessel and temporal artery S/S: tender or nodula, pulseless vessel, accompanied by a severe unilateral H/A usu accompanied by polymyalgia rheumatica in older could be together with respiratory tract symptoms, visual symptoms can cause blindness DX: arterial biopsy, color duplex US, CPR (C-reactive proteine) and ESR (rythrocyte sedimentation rate) are elevated tx: high dose steroids for 6 mo to 2 years

Candidiasis due to immunosuppression tx> topic antifungals (nystatin)

Bacterial conjunctivitis Tx: bacitracin-polymyxin B, cipro, erythromycin

S/S: dull painful red eye with vsual change, the pupil is constricted, nonreactive, irregularly shaped Tx: pupillary dialators and steroid

Swelling of the disk, bulging of the disk on the exam bilateral, due to increased intracranial pressure, vision is not changed

Dizziness - subjective perception of altered equilibrium vertigo - perception that the person or the environment is moving

Aminoglycoside, flouroquinolone, neomycin with corticosteroids

Arteries brighter and narrower than veins A:V ratio: 2:3, 4:5

Farsightedness

Nearsightedness

Common after age 40, greater difficulty maintaining a clear focus at a near distance due to a lessening of flexibility of the crystalline lens and wekening of the ciliary muscles which control elns focusing

Beady nodule of the eye lid, infection or retention cyst fo a meibomian gland, sus on the aupper eyelid pailess, tenderness caused from localized swelling sensitivity to light increased tearing tx: warm compresses, referral for surgical removal

Staph infection of the lid edge s/s: burning, itching, tearing tx: hot compressess, topical antibitics, scrub lashed and rinse

By age 40

Open angle: ALPHA 2-ADRENERGIC (brimonidine, alphagan), beta-adrenergic blockers (timolol), miotic agents (pilocaprine) closed angle: carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide (diamox), osmotic diuretics (mannitol), sx