+
Cards In This Set
| Front | Back |
|
Learning
|
a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience.
|
|
Associative Learning
|
learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) OR a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning).
|
|
Behaviorism
|
the view that psychology (A) should be an objective science that (B) studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
Most research psychologists today agree WITH (A) but NOT WITH (B). |
|
Generalization
|
the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses.
|
|
Discrimination
|
in classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguise between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus.
|
|
Operant Conditioning
|
a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer OR diminished if followed by a punisher.
|
|
Positive Reinforcement
|
increasing behaviors by presenting positive stimuli, such as food. A positive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strenghthens the response.
|
|
Negative Reinforcement
|
increasing behaviors by stopping or reducing negative stimuli, such as shock. A negattive reinforcer is any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response.
|
|
Punishment
|
an event that decreases the behavior that it follows.
|
|
Cognitive Map
|
a mental representation of the layout of one's environment. For example, after exploring a maze, rats act as if they have learned a cognitive map of it.
|
|
Modeling
|
the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior.
|
