Final Exam

Which of the following do all fungi have in common?
A) meiosis in basidia
B) symbioses with algae
C) coenocytic hyphae
D) sexual life cycle
E) absorption of nutrients

Which of the following is a characteristic of hyphate fungi (fungi featuring hyphae)?
A) They are adapted for rapid directional growth to new food sources.
B) They acquire their nutrients by phagocytosis.
C) They reproduce asexually by a process known as budding.
D) Their body plan is a unicellular sphere.
E) Their cell walls consist mainly of cellulose microfibrils.

What do fungi and arthropods have in common?
A) The protective coats of both groups are made of chitin.
B) The haploid state is dominant in both groups.
C) Both groups have cell walls.
D) Both groups are commonly coenocytic.
E) Both groups are predominantly heterotrophs that ingest their food.

For mycelia described as heterokaryons or as being dikaryotic, which process has already occurred, and which process has not yet occurred?
A) meiosis, mitosis
B) plasmogamy, genetic recombination
C) karyogamy, germination
D) germination, plasmogamy
E) germination, mitosis

5) Members of this phylum form arbuscular mycorrhizae:
A) Ascomycota
B) Glomeromycota
C) Chytridiomycota
D) Zygomycota
E) Basidiomycota

6) Which of the following is (are) unique to animals?
A) cells that have mitochondria
B) the structural carbohydrate, chitin
C) heterotrophy
D) nervous conduction and muscular movement
E) both A and C

The number of legs an insect has, the number of vertebrae in a vertebral column, or the number of joints in a digit (such as a finger) are all strongly influenced by
A) heterotic genes.
B) Hox genes.
C) introns within genes.
D) heterogeneous genes.
E) haploid genomes.

The last common ancestor of all animals was probably a
A) unicellular yeast.
B) unicellular chytrid.
C) plant.
D) multicellular fungus.
E) flagellated protist.

What is the probable sequence in which the following clades of animals originated, from earliest to most recent?
1. tetrapods
2. vertebrates
3. deuterostomes
4. amniotes
5. bilaterians
A) 5 → 3 → 2 → 1 → 4
B) 5 → 3 → 2 → 4 → 1
C) 3 → 5 → 2 → 1 → 4
D) 3 → 5 → 4 → 2 → 1
E) 5 → 3 → 4 → 2 → 1

Cephalization is most closely associated with which of the following?
A) sedentary lifestyle
B) predators, but not prey
C) concentration of sensory structures at the anterior end
D) a sessile existence
E) a backbone

Which cells in a sponge are primarily responsible for trapping and removing food particles from circulating water?
A) choanocytes
B) pore cells (porocytes)
C) mesoglea cells
D) epidermal cells

A radially symmetrical animal that has two embryonic tissue layers probably belongs to which phylum?
A) Echinodermata
B) Cnidaria
C) Porifera
D) Platyhelminthes
E) Nematoda

What would be the most effective method of reducing the incidence of blood flukes in a human population?
A) Avoid contact with rodent droppings.
B) Carefully wash all raw fruits and vegetables.
C) Reduce the mosquito population.
D) Reduce the freshwater snail population.
E) Purify all drinking water.

A lophophore is used by ectoprocts and brachiopods
A) as a skeletal system.
B) for sensory reception.
C) for feeding.
D) at a larval stage.
E) for locomotion.

A terrestrial mollusc without a shell belongs to which class?
A) chitons
B) cephalopods
C) bivalves
D) gastropods