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Cards In This Set
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What year and scientist proposed that acids and bases were defined by H+ and OH-
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1884, Svante Arrhenius
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What is Arrhenius definition of acids and bases?
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Acid is a substance that produces H+ ions in an aqueous solution
and Base is a substance that produces OH- ions in an aqueous solution |
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What do we know about water today in regards to a Arrhenius acid?
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H+ reacts immediatley with water molecule to give a hydronium ion H3O+
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What happens when HCl dissolved in water? Also show this with lewis a lewis structure.
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 H2O + HCl --> H3O+ + Cl- the arrows show the change in position of electron pairs during the reaction; the first arrow shows the formation of an O-H bond, the second show the breaking of the H-Cl bond. |
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What are the slighly different things about a Arrhenius Base? Also show a lewis structure example.
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 Many bases are metal hydroixides such as KOH, NaOH, Mg(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2 These compounds are ionic solids and when they dissolve in water, their ions become hydrated and separate: e.g NaOH(s) -H-2-O-> Na+(aq) + OH-(aq) Not all bases are hydroxides; these bases produce OH- by reacting with water molecules e.g. NH3(aq) + H2O <--> NH4+(aq) + OH- again curved arrows show the transfer of a proton from water to ammonia. The first arrow shows the formation of an N-H bond, the second shows breaking an H-O bond. |
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What is a strong Arrhenius Acid and what are 6 examples?
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Strong acid is one that reacts completely or almost completely with water to form H3O+ ions
e.g. Hydroiodic acid - HI Hydrochloric acid - HCl Sulfuric acid - H2SO4 Nitric acid - HNO3 ??? Hydrobromic acid - HBr ??? Perchloric acid - HClO4 |
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What is a strong Arrhenius Base and 3 examples.
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Strong bases is one that reacts completely or almost completely with water to form OH- ions.
e.g. Lithum hydroixde - LiOH Sodium hydroxide - NaOH Potassium hydroxide - KOH Barium hydroxide - Ba(OH)2 |
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What is a weak acid and a weak base, give examples of both. (Arrhenius)
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A weat acid is a substance that dissociates only partially in water to produce H3O+ ions
e.g. acetic acid, is a weak acid; in water only 4 out of every 1000 molecules are converted to acetate ions A weak base is a substance that dissociates only partially in water to produce OH- ions. e.g. ammonia |
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Who is the scientist that we prodomently refer to when talking about acids and bases?
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Bronsted-Lowry
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What Bronsted-Lowry definition or and acid and base?
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Acid is a proton donor
Base is a proton acceptor |
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What is an acid-base reaction?
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A proton transfer reaction
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What is a conjugated acid-base pair?
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 Any pair of molecules or ions that can be interconverted by transfer of a proton |
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Does the Bronsted-Lowry require water?
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No it does not require water as a reactant
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Lewis of a weak acid and a weak base.
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What charges can acids and bases have?
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An acid can be either, positive, neutral or negatively charge wereas a base is neutral or negatively charged.
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