General Pathology - Cell Injury and Adaptation 1

The scientific study of diseases, or structural and functional abnormalities axpressed as diseases of organs and systems

Greek: Pathos = suffering, inspiring pity

Dis-ease, a distrubance of the structre or function of the body giveing rise to ill health and illness causing pain and interference with ability to work, play and socialise

A state of harmony between the organism and its environment which is
Internal: individual's own vells, fluids, tissues and organs
External: surroundings

Pre 500BC - supernaltural causes because you were bad
500BC - 500AD - Greeks, Naturalistic and scientific methods, emprical knowledge (observation); Hippocrates 460-377 BC) - whole body cause by imbalance in four humors.
23BC - 50AD Celsus and 130 - 200 AD Galen; experiments
Vesalius and Anatomy: Taught from disesected cadavers
Morgaani and Anatomical Patholofy: diseases were associated with and affected particular organs / regions of the body (could not be explain by humoral theory) classificaions
Virchow and Cellular Path: cells from other cells, disease due to cell distrubance. Cancer disease of cells. Microscopy. Koch infectious theory.
Surgical Path, Cytopathology
General Path, general mechanisms esp level of molecules, cells and tissues.
Systemic Path, particular organ systems.

Plethoric, blood/air
Phlehmatic - phlegm/water
Choleric - yellow/fire
Meancholic - black bile/earth

* The mechanism of disease
* The classification of disease
* The diagnosis of disease
* The basis of treatment
* Monitoring the progress of the disease
* Determining the prognosis (outcome for the patient)
* Understanding complications of the disease (side effects)

Refers to the cause(s) of disease, the study of causes.

Describes the sequence of events which occurs in the development and evolution of the disease form its beginning to its conclusion, including the mechanism involved in that process

Is its usual course from beginning to end without treatment

Are structural alteration that occur in the tissues which may be recognised by macroscopic (gross) or morphological change and microscopic examination

Are the obvious effects of the disease

Are the subjective abnormalities the patient experiences e.g. nausea, pain

Are objective findings by the clinician e.g. swelling of the feet, tenderness, jaundice.
Sometimes in early stages of a disease there may be no clinical manifestation

Is a determination of the nature of the disease process