Generalized Eukaryotic Cell: Cell Cycle and Mitosis

The different phases of mitosis are: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.

• Interphase
  • G1 = Growth
  • S = Synthesis (replicate DNA)
  • G2 = Growth

Prophase = Prepare
condense chromatin into chromosomes, break down nuclear membrane, assemble mitotic spindle, centriole pairs move toward opposite poles of the cell

Metaphase = Middle
Chromosomes line up in the middle

Anaphase = Apart
Sister chromatids pulled apart to opposite sides of cell

Telophase = Prophase in reverse
de-condense chromosomes, re-form nuclear membrane, break down mitotic spindle

Centrioles, asters, spindles: responsible for pulling apart the sister chromatids.

Chromatids, centromeres, kinetochores: sister chromatids are duplicated copies of the chromosome. chromatids are joined at the centromere. There's a protein at the centromere called the kinetochore, where spindle fibers attach to pull the chromatids apart.

The nuclear membrane breaks down at the beginning of mitosis, and reforms at the end of mitosis around each of the two newly formed nuclei.

Chromatids move apart during anaphase by the spindle fibers.

G0 = no more DNA replication or cell division. Examples include nerves and muscles.

G1 = growth = make organelles, increase in cell size.

S = DNA replication. Centrioles also replicated

G2 = growth = make organelles, increase in cell size.

M = mitosis