HAP 1 - The Human Body: An Orientation

The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts

The study of how the body and its parts work and function

Gross Anatomy - can bee seen with the naked eye.
Microscopic Anatomy - requires a microscope to see

Chemical level - atoms and molecules
Cellular level - individual cell
Tissue - tissues consist of similar types of cells
Organ level - A structure of tissues that perform a particular function.
Organ System level - consist of different organs working together
Organismal level - made up of many organ systems

Groups of similar cells with a common function that enable the body to work.
Tissue are organised into organs.

Epithelial tissue - covering
Muscle tissue - Movement
Neurvous tissue - Control
Connective tissue - support

Maintanance of a stable internal environment = dynamic state of equilibrium

Homeostasis must be maintained for normal body functioning and to sustain life
Homeostasis imbalance = a distrubance in homeostasis resulting in disease

The body communicates through neural and hormonal control systems

Responds to changes in the environment (STIMULI) and sends information to the control center via the afferent pathway

Determines set points, analyzes information, determines appropriate response to send to the effector throught the efferent pathway

Provides a means for response to the stimulus

Negative feedback - involved in most homeostatic control (x birth & blood clotting), shuts off the original simulus, or reduces its intensity (like a therostat)
Positive feedback - increases the original stimulus to push the varible farther only in birth and blood clotting.