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Cards In This Set
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Characterized by what two things?
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Decreased hg and decreased retic count
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What can mimic this? but?
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Acute blood loss (but an obvious site of bleeding would be identified usually)
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Two main causes?
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Extraerythrocytic factors (usually acquired) or intrinsic defects in the RBC (often inherited)
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Where can hemolysis occur?
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Intravascular space or in the extravasclar space (mainly spleen or liver)
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Intravasc hemolysis--> rlease of hg, which gets bound to ____. the complex is ___ by the ___ system and the haptoglbin levels rapidly ___ to ___ or ____ levels
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Haptoglobin; cleared; reticuloendothelial; low; undetectable
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What happens once intravascular hg overload the haptoglobulin capacity?
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Hg is filtered and reabsorbed by the kidney...tubular cells are sloughed off into the urine and are detected as urine hemosiderin...and when resorpstion is overwhelmed, hemoglobinuria can be detected (+ on urine dipstick)
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In extravascular hemolysis, RBCs are ___ by ___ and ____ system---> ___ hg is released into the bloodstream. Haptoglobin may be ___, but urine hemosiderin and hemoglobinuria are usually ___ ___
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Removed; spleen; RE; little; low; not present
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2 major categories are extraerthrocytic factors and red blood cell defects. categories for each?
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EF: microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA), immune-mediate hemolytic anemia, infections, splenomegaly.....RBCD: hemoglobinopathies (extra), enzyme defects (intravasccular), membrane defects
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Types of MAHA? (4)
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DIC, hemolytic uremic syndrome, thromobtic thrombocytopenic purpura, cardiac valve hemolysis
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2 types of immune-mediated?
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Warm antibody (hematolgoic malig, ct diosrders, drugs...extravascular); cold antibody (lymphoma, mycoplasma, mononucleosis...intravascular)
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3 types of infections?
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Malaria, babesiosis, clostridial toxin
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2 causes of splenomegaly?
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Infiltrative diseases, portal htn
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Hemoglobinopathy? (extravascular)
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Sickle cell disease
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2 enzyme defects (intra)
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Pyruvate kinase def, G6PD def
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2 membrane defects?
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Hereditary spherocytosis and elliptocytosis (extravascular), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (intravasc)
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