Herpetology Exam 2 Review

- Large headed, freshwater turtles with powerful jaws and agressive temper.
- Enlarged head, long tail, reduced plasteron, rear margin of shell serrated.

Snapping Turtle pg.169
- TSD, 78 - 80 degrees female
- spherical eggs
- musk glands along underside on edge of of plasteron

Mud and Musk Turtles
- can secrete musky substance from glads at edge of carapace and bridge, plasteron with one or two hinges.

Common Musk Turtle pg. 174
- not very organized egg layers
- TSD, warmer females, cooler males

Pond and Box Turtles
- Aquatic to semi-aquatic, have at least partially webbed feet and strong shells.
- Largest and most diverse group of turtles

Spotted Turtle pg. 179
- Specialized, prefers marshes, bogs, shallow water, sphagnum seepages, etc.
- Rare in Michigan to begin with
- Small and colorful, popular in international pet trade
- Always at least a few spots on top of head
- TSD, with warmer temps producing females

Wood Turtle pg. 184
- very distinct annuli
- prefers moving water with woods or fields adjacent
- omnivorous
- GSD with elliptical soft-shelled eggs
- Color varies with individuals further east usually oranger
- Lack a plastral hinge

Eastern Box Turtle pg. 194
- LP of Michigan in open woodlands and fields
- distinct annuli
- males red eyes while females have brown eyes
- very reluctant to mate, and have sperm retention
- TSD with warmer females and cooler males

Blandings Turtle pg. 201
- elongated shell with a notched upper jaw and yellow neck
- favorite food is crayfish, carnivorous
- semi-box turtle with a semi-movable hinge
- eggs hard and elliptical, but soften up during incubation and hatch late summer or early fall.
- TSD, warm females cool males
- prefer shallow weedy waters such as ponds, marshes swamps, etc.

Common Map Turtle pg. 206
- no red at all on turtle, jagged edges of carapace, yellow spot behind eye
- long thick tail = male
- deeper water of lakes and rivers
- megacephaly - big heads, females specialize in eating mollusks and snails
- TSD, warm females, cool males

Midland and Western Painted Turtles pg. 210
- elliptical soft-shelled eggs, often overwinter in nests
- titilation - vibration, males using front feet to stimulate females
- Midland - yellowish plasteron with darker blotches on side
- Western - elaborate more colorful plasteron
- TSD with warmer females and cool males

Red-eared Slider pg. 216
- TSD, warmer females and cool males
- larger than painted turtles
- were located in MI 2000 years ago, shells found near Saginaw Bay

-Old world equivalents of Emydidae
- Aquatic to semi-aquatic
- highly endangered group to do human eploitation

Tortoises
- terrestrial, high domed shells, stout limbs, unwebbed feet with no more than 2 digits
- head and limbs heavily scaled
- 40 species

Soft-shelled turtles
- Dorsoventrally flattend carapaces and reduced bony portions of shell.
- Carapace lacks peripheral bones
- Aquatic with modified snorkel-like snout
- Feet extensively webbed