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Cards In This Set
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Entailment (definition)
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The relationship between a set of premises and a conclusion where the conclusion follows from the premises, or may validly be inferred from the premises
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Logic (definition)
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The organized body of knowledge, or science, that evaluates arguments
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Argument (book definition)
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A group of statements where reasons (premises) are given to support a conclusion (claim)
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Statement
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A sentence that is either true or false
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Truth values
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The two possible outcomes of a statement. (True/False)
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Premises
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The statements that set forth the reasons or evidence
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Conclusion
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Statement that the evidence is claimed to support or imply.
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Conclusion Indicators
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All conclusion indicators essentially mean "THEREFORE"
(thus, so, for this reason, as a result, we may conclude, etc.)
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Premise Indicators
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All premise indicators essentially mean "BECAUSE"
(since, as indicated by, seeing that, may be inferred from, etc.)
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Inference
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The reasoning process expressed by an argument.
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Proposition (Rabinowitz Definition)
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1. Information content of a statement
2. Part of a statement to which truth values are assigned.
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Syllogistic Logic
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(Founded by Aristotle) A kind of logic in which the fundamental elements are terms. Arguments are evaluated as "good" or "bad" depending on how the terms are arranged in the argument.
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Modal Logic
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A kind of logic that involves such concepts as possibility, necessity, belief, and doubt.
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What two conditions must be fulfilled for a passage to purport to prove something?
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1) At least one of the statements must claim to present evidence or reasons. (FACTUAL CLAIM)
2) There must be a claim that the alleged evidence or reasons supports or implies something (a claim that something follows from the alleged evidence.) (INFERENTIAL CLAIM)
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Formal Logic
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The study of necessity and how it manifests in thought and language.
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