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Cards In This Set
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What were 4 major adaptations to terrestrial life?
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1. Vacscular Tissue, woody tissue (lignin) - weight used to be supported by water
2. Exposure to air- waxy cuticle, waterproofing for inside.
3. the need to breathe through waxy cuticle - stomata open and close in response to O2 and CO2 levels
4. Nutrients transport - xylem and phloem
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Supergroup Archaeplastida, group charophyceae, Nitella
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Closest relative to land plant, has oogonium and antheridium. common to land plants because of chlorophyll, starch, cellulose, cell division involving plate.
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What are the two multicellular life stages ?
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Gametophye - gamete producing (haploid), Sporophyte - spore producing (diploid) - alternation of generations- sporophyte is usally dominant stage
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What plants are non vascular?
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Mosses, liverworts, hornworts (semiterrestrial)
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What plants are vascular?
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Also separated further by seeds.
1) Horsetails, club mosses, ferns are seedless
2) confers and flowering plants have seeds
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Whats the difference between a male and female gametophyte moss?
Phylum Bryophyta
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The male hase little flowers- which has sperm that gets washed off when rains.
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What process occurs inside the moss capsule?
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Meiosis- produces haploid spores
When wet the capsule closes, when dry it opens for spore dispersal.
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What makes wet moist sundecks, wood ect turn green? hint - moss
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Protonema, which grow from germinating moss spores. they produce buds which has apical meristem that generates gamete producing structure known as a gametophyte
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What is found in the shoot system of vascular plants?
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Stem, leaves, which attach to each other by nodes. the terminal bud is the very tip of the shoot system which contains the apical meristem-which is where growth is taking place. leaves (blades) attached to stem by petioles (leaf stalks)
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What is found in the root system of vascular plants?
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Phaseolus vulgaris - bean plant- has a tap root system. which consists of one primary root (taproot) and a bunch of lateral roos that branch off the taproot. Rood nodules contain nitrogen fixing bacteria.
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How do vascular plants breathe?
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Guard cells regulate CO2 and O2 levels by regulating how much time that the stomata cells are open or closed so that they balance water loss.
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Phylum Pterophyta - horsetails
what does the reproductive equisetum look like compared to the vegetative?
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The reproductive has a strobilus which contains spores on the top, and nodes on the stem with no branches. whereas the vegetative plant has branches.
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What happens when equisetum spores get wet?
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The elaters on the spores close when wet. They do theis because when they are dry, they are lighter and will be able to travel farther.
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Phylum Pterophyta - ferns
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Sporongia contain haploid spores, the spores become gametophytes, they must live in damp places for sexual reproduction to allow the sperm to swim.
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Heterospory vs. homospory
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Most seedless vascular plants are homosporous. heterosporous is when male gametophytes are produced by microspores and female gametophytes are produced by megaspores. i.e pollen grains are male
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