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ECG (def)useful for...possible to measure because...
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Graphic record of the sum of electrial potentials by individual cardiac muscle cells surface measurement in mV outside of cells, not intracellularelectrical activity of the heart
diagnosing abnormal heart rates, arrhythmias and myopathies electrical activity cuz body fluids conduct potentials to surface of skin |
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Lead
lead Ilead IIlead III |
Specific arrangement on the body of paired recording electrodes
electrical potential difference btw right and left armdiffereence between right arm and left legdifference btw left arm and left leg |
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Eintoven's triangle
electrode connected to the right leg is... |
Leads I II and III form this
ground electrode, reduce effect of electrical interference on recording |
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P waveqrst
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Positive wave corresponding to atrial depolnegative wave, ventricular septal depolarizationpos wave after p, main phase of v depolneg wave, depolarization of base of left ventriclepos wave, v repolarization
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P-r intervalqrs complexs-t segmentq-t interval
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Beginning of p wave- beginning qrs complex, conduction time thru conducting system from sa node to almost ventricular muscle cells
v depol end of s, beginning of t, corresponds to plateau of v ap beginning of q and end of t, ventricular depol/repol |
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Greatest vector of cardiac depol is...why?
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Downward and to the leftventricle is largest tissue mass in heart
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Normal range of ecgcalculate...
corresponding leads |
-20 and 110qrs status
I- VFII- VLIII-VR |
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Why put ecg on meaty parts?
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More fluid/water, best readings on fluid area, not as good on dry ones, measures movement thru fluid
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What does left shift indicate? right shift?
overweight person experiences...tall/thin person... |
L- left ventricular hypertrophy, pregnancy r- right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary issues
left shift right shift |
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Lead equation
know how to calc qrsresults of class |
Record-reference
most people are normal, slight shifts |
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Order of wave line and actions
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Rest= isopotentialsa depol (p wave) is POS, left more than rightdepol across atria- neg both isopotentialdown septum left more neg (neg, q wave)wave thru ventricles (r wave, pos)atrial repol- masked by v activity = s wave (neg) full depol across heart- isopotentialrepol of v (t wave, pos)
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What does the s wave represent?
what do the complimentary electrodes represent? what is hypertrophy? |
Full v depol and atrial repol
the average value of the leads increase in volume of the organ/tissue, increases size of muscle cells |
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What is the qrs axis? what does it tell us?what is the normal range
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Mean ventricular axis, values from the ECG
tells general direction of depolarization, and orientation of the heart in the chest, general health normal= -20/30- 110 |
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Conduction velocityfrequency
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Rate of increase in voltage during upstroke of apNA in MUSCLEpukinje cells= l type ca in nodes (above threshold)
number of ap in unit timef type na, t type, leak below threshold |
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P wave is...
arrhythmia fibrillation |
Depol wave from sa to av node
uncoordinated a/v contractions by defect in conduction rapid/irregular contraction SA node NOT controlling heart rate |
