MCAT Organic Chemistry 2012

Nam this substituent

Name this substituent

Name this substituent

Name this substituent

Name this substituent

Which organic molecules have this formula?

NOMENCLATURE (Alkanes)1. Find the longest chain.2. Number the chain.3. Name subtituents4. Prefixes such as di, tri, tert, sec..etc are ignored in alphabetizing; cyclo, iso and neo are included in alphabetization.

Which organic molecules have this formula?

Nomenclature (Alkenes)
In naming alkenes, the double bond receives the lowest possible number; note any isomers cis/trans and Z/E.
Multiple double bonds must be names using prefixes di-, tri-, etc.

Nomenclature (Alkenes)CH₂ groups are referred to as methylene

Nomenclature (Alkenes)Monosubstituted ethylenes (2 carbons) are referred to as vinyl groups.

Nomenclature (Alkenes)Allyl groups are propylene's substituted at the C-3 position.

Which organic molecules have this formula?

NomenclatureSubstituted Alkanes: Haloalkanes
Haloalkanes are compounds that contain a halogen substituent. These compounds may be named as alkyl halides. ex: ethyl (2 carbons) chloride
Substituted Alkanes: AlcoholsAlcohols are named by replacing the -e of the corresponding alkane with -ol. Priority is given to the carbon with the -OH group.
Molecules with two hydroxyl groups are termed diols or ____ and have the suffix -diol. When two hydroxyl groups are on adjacent carbons the groups are called _____; when they are on the same carbon they are called ____.
Geminal diols are called _____ and are less common than vicinal diols due to their tendency to spontaneously lose water to produce a C=O compound.

What type of compound is this?