Microbiology Immune System Test

Protein molecules -virally infected cells -exit infected cells that committ suicide and act as markers for immune process

-white blood cells

-bacterial infections -phagocytize pathogens, -add electron to 02 to make peroxide which kill invaders -produce NO to activate inflammation -diapedesis

-to destroy pathogens -develop into macrophages

-diapedesis

-B cells and T cells -immune response to specific pathogens in humoral immunization

-mature in bone marrow -have receptors to antigen epitopes. when specific antigen is found B cells divide and produce offspring that secrete antibodies

-antigens are chemical molecules that bind to lymphocytes B and lead to an immune response

-IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE IgD when binded by antigen they activate immune responses

-complement, inflammation, neutralization, opsonization, direct killing, agglutination, cytotoxicity

-from opsonization and inflammation as well as ag and ab binding -protein in serum comes together to release inflammation mediators into blood stream -numerous antibodies -membranes attack complex to kill microbes. but mainly increase liklihood of inflammation

Damaged tissues and release of histamines -dilate blood vessels to increase blood flow and bring defenses. -increases metabolism, brings phagocytes

-from chemotaxis by organisms in inflammation-phagocytotic cells surround pathogens and microbes-kill and remove microbes

-B cells creating antibodies-useful against virus, bacterias, and toxins-apc antigen processing cells become t helper cells that use cytokines to activate b cells which create plasma cells to create antibodies-all of themleads to opsonizatino and agglutination

-best for fighting worms cancer, fungi-starts from exposure of antigenantigen processing cells activate t helper cells which send out cytokines that activate cytotoxic cells to kill cells