Microbiology

____ pounds of antimicrobial drugs are used in the US each year.

Half of the antimicrobial drugs used in the US are used in animal feeds to encourage ____.

Substances produced by one microorganism that inhibit or kill another microorganism

It's common practice to use the term ____ to describe any chemical (whether produced naturally or synthetic) that inhibits or kills microorganisms

___ drugs are usually called antibiotics, even though they are entirely synthetic and technically are not antibiotics (more correctly, they should be called antimicrobial drugs)

The use of any chemical to treat a disease

We usually only use the term to describe the treatment of cancer using chemicals, but the use of ____ to treat diseases is also chemotherapy

Half of all antibiotics are produced by species of _____

Most other antibiotics (those not produced by species of Streptomyces) are produced by ________

Species of Streptomyces, molds, and species of Bacillus are all ____ microbes, where the production of antibiotics may be useful in eliminating competition in the crowded ___ environment

The ______ of an antibiotic is the range of microbes it's effective against

_____ is a broad-spectrum antibiotic (effective against gram-positive, gram-negative, and obligate intracellular bacteria)

____ is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic (effective only against gram-positive bacteria)

_____ antibiotics are useful when the agent is unknown

______ antibiotics are useful when the agent is known. The choice of antibiotic can then be targeted against the specific pathogen.