Motivation-Self Determination Theory

•“The direction and intensity of one’s efforts”(Sage, 1977) –A directional aspect that influences choices made –A component that controls the intensity with which these choices are pursued

•Motivation is the foundation of performance and achievement –Can’t achieve full potential without it •Dependent upon psychological tendencies within the individual and the social environment in which participate •Related to... –Attitudes & beliefs –Control Competence & competence

•Direction of effort: Whether an individual seeks out, approaches,
or is attracted to a situation. •Intensity of effort: How much effort
an individual puts forth in a situation

•Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan,1985, 2000) •Broad framework of human motivation & personality –Active organism
•How an individual integrates new experiences and regulatory processes with the own intrinsic self. –Social context
•This supports or undermines the integrative process.
•Social factors (e.g cooperation, provision of choice) will facilitate the organismic integration process
•Provide self determination if 3 innate psychological needs are satisfied.

•3 Intrinsic Motives –To accomplish
•An activity is undertaken for the pleasure that is experienced while attempting to accomplish, to create, or to better oneself on already learned skills –To experience stimulation
•An activity that is undertaken to experience pleasant sensations associated mainly with ones senses. –To know
•An activity that is undertaken for the pleasure that is experienced while learning and trying to better understand something. Satisfaction of learning new things or skills

An activity that is undertaken because the individual believes that the behaviour is important to undertake for some reason. It is a valued behaviour but doing it is not necessarily pleasant in itself. Achieve a goal, not for inherent appeal

An activity that is undertaken because of social recognition or avoid internal pressures that individuals place upon themselves. This might mean a behaviour is conducted because one would feel guilty or upset if it were not conducted.

An activity that is undertaken purely to avoid some external negative consequence or to gain some external positive consequence. Based on rewards or constraints.

Lack of intrinsic & extrinsic motivation
Individuals can no longer identify any reason - intrinsic or extrinsic - for engaging in an activity.

•Do –Emphasise individual mastery –Promote perceptions of choice –Promote the intrinsic fun and excitement of exercise –Promote a sense of purpose by teaching the value of P.A. To health, optimal function and quality of life •Don’t –Overemphasise peer comparisons of performance –Undermine an intrinsic focus by misusing extrinsic rewards –Turn exercise into a chore or a bore –Create amotivation by spreading fitness misinformation

•Individuals like to feel that they are good at something. •If an activity enables you to experience such feelings then you are more likely to WANT to do that activity again for intrinsic reasons and intrinsic motivation is INCREASED.

•Firstly, individuals need to feel like they are engaging in a behaviour because they choose to do so and that it is conducted out of a sense of personal freedom.
•Secondly, to be intrinsically motivated there is evidence that activities need to be RELEVANT to the concerns and values of the individual.

•Individuals like to feel that they are valued by and connected to others within the context of a given behaviour. •If such feelings are satisfied then individuals are more likely to WANT to engage in a given behaviour.

•Achievement motivation refers to a person’s effort to master a task, achieve excellence, overcome obstacles, perform better that others, and take pride in exercising talent (Murray, 1938). •It is a person’s orientation to strive for task success, persist in the face of failure, and experience pride in accomplishments (Gill, 2000).

•4 theories –Need achievement theory –Attribution theory –Achievement goal theory –Competence motivation theory