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Cards In This Set
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In AKI, how much does Creatinine typically rise if it starts at 1
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0.5
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What are bugs that cause alkaline urine?
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Proteus, pseudomonas, ureaplasma
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What iatrogenic agents increase specific gravity
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Mannitol, IV contrast dye
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What metabolite do urine ketones measure? What can be missed due to this?
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AcAc (in starvation ketosis, BOB predominates so urine ketones will be negative)
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How many RBC need to be present for positive urine dipstick?
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1-3
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What common vitamin can mask hematuria?
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Vitamin C
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Causes of red urine
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Beets, rifampin, chloroquine
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Positive leuk esterace test, sens? spec?
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3-5 wbcs; sens 48-68%; spec 17-93%NOT A HELPFUL TEST
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What bacteria cause positive nitrites? sens? spec?
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Only certain bacteria (e. coli, pseudomonas, klebsiella, proteus); sens 45-60%; spec 85-98%
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Combination sens/spec of nitrites + leuk est?
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Sens 68-88%; spec: high predictive value
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How do you work up hematuria?
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1. > 3 rbcs on microscopy twice; if only once, causes: menses, heavy exercise, infection2. kind of rbc- if acanthocytes (spiky rbc) or rbc casts, check for proteinuria- if + proteinuria or CKD, renal consult; if negative, then follow q 3-6 months for proteinuria3. If normal rbc, then do cytology on 3 consecutive days; if +, cystoscopy; if cytology, negative, age > 50, bladder cancer RF, then cysto; if negative, age < 50, without RF, stop there
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What are RF for bladder cancer?
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Smoking, benzene exposure, long term analgesic use, cyclophosphamide
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What are most common causes of sterile pyuria?
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Atypical infection (TB, polyomavirus, CMV)AIN, chronic TI nephritis
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What are common causes of non-nephrotic range proteinuria ( < 2 gm/d)?
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TI disease, renovascular, glomerular diseases
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What features of a renal cyst cause concern?
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Size > 4 cm; complex features
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