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Cards In This Set
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Carbon Dioxide, USP
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Class: RESPIRATORY STIMULANTS-acts on the respiratory center in the brain.-used in combination with oxygen to stimulate deep breathing.-also known as the natural respiratory stimulant
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Dopram
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Class: RESPIRATORY STIMULANTSRoute: IV
-stimulates central nervous system-used to treat the respiratory depression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and, less frequently, neonatal hypoxia.- very narrow margin of safety! |
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Respiratory Stimulants
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1. carbon dioxide, USP2. Dopram
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Respiratory Depressants
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1. central depressants of the opium group(morphine, codeine)2. barbituate group(phenobarbitual, secobarbital)-These drugs are not given therapeutically to produce respiratory depression, that is just an undesirable side effect of them.
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Drugs that affect the mucous membrane lining of the respiratory tract
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-used to relieve or enable effective coughing-called expectorants-expectorants liquefy the mucus in the bronchi and facilitate the expulsion of sputum.-many remedies used to treat coughing contain codeine, or codeine and morphine derivatives, to depress the cough reflex.
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Drugs that act on the respiratory center in the brain
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1. Respiratory stimulants2. Respiratory depressants
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Drugs that affect the size of the bronchioles
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BRONCHODILATORS1. Adrenalin2. Ephedrine sulfate, USP, BP3. Brethine4. Uniphyl
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Drugs that decrease inflammation in the lungs
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1. Singulair2. Accolate3. Zyflo
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Asthma
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-chronic inflammatory disease of the airways-airflow obstruction and airway hyper-responsiveness-can be triggered by allergens, physical exertion, and environmental changes, but can also occur with no apparent reason.
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Bronchoconstriction
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A tightening or narrowing of the lung bronchioles
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Bronchodilators
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Agents that dilate, or widen, the bronchioles of the lung by relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchioles, thus allowing better air exchange.
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Adrenalin
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Class: BRONCHODILATORSRoute: subQ, IV-rapid action of this drug makes it best for an acute attack-short duration of action, so not suitable for long-term therapy-may raise blood pressure so caution must be used when administering
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Considerations of epinephrine for older adults
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-this drug causes tachycardia, a severe rise in blood pressure, and papitations so elderly with hypertension and atherosclerosis already are very sensitive to this drug.-give to elderly with extreme caution
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Ephedrine sulfate, USP, BP
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Class: BRONCHODILATORSRoute: ORAL-not as potent as epinephrine-longer duration of action-nervousness and central nervous system stimulation may occur
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Brethine
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Class: BRONCHODILATORSRoute: ORAL, SUBQ-has a dilating effect on the smooth muscles of the bronchioles and may be administered for the treatment of acute asthma attacks or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-side effects include rise in heart rate and blood pressure
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