Philosophy 100 Final Exam

Egocentrism: you think you're right. Centred around yourself.

Ethnicentrism: you think your culture or the group you belong to is right.

You make yourself look better by explaining (especially when you did something strange or uncalled for) instead of admitting you were wrong in your behaviour.

Example: cheating boyfriend--> girl in denial.

Often happens because of fear, need to be accepted, popularity.

You know the other person is right but you have trouble agreeing with them.

-Reporters and editors have the power to decide what is and is not worth covering. -Sensationalism: more exciting stories are chosen before less exciting ones. Most sensational elements of the story are featured. -Primary purpose of news is to entertain rather than to inform. -Celebrity news is chosen over more newsworthy stories.

-Placement: a story put first in the lineup will seem more important. -Breaking news that interrupts cable tv is seen as very important to the viewer. -Coverage of the same story takes on importance. -Talk shows feature guests who discuss different aspects of the same issue: adds interest, variety of views. When one guest is given more time to explain their p.o.v, they have a greater chance of influencing the audience. -Familiarity with the person talking adds interest in the story.

-One side of an issue may be represented by attractive, articulate and well-known people and the other by emotional, abrasive people. -If there is only one "professional" on the panel, does he/she represent only one side? -People chosen may illustrate either balance or bias in the debate. -How the interviewer treats the spokespersons will affect the balance: positive or negative in interviewing process?

-Might be impressed by a 'teacher' surrounded by books on a commercial for encyclopedias. -Academin background that could have nothing to do with person's credentials. -Impression of authority can have a positive impact on viewer's response.

-How a person is dressed: creates a suggestion of his/her character. -Image consultants. -Essential element of advertising: actors portrayed as professionals are dressed to fit the part. -Image can influence job interviews, sales calls, other difficult communication situations.

-Use of a reporter's language can affect our perception of an issue. -Use words to characterize a person or issue in a poor light: creates bias.

-Shooting a person from below gives them authority. -Use cuts to create a positive/negative impression about the speaker: cutting to an audience member's reaction to the speaker's comment. -Cuts can distort: taking statements out of context: short segment of long interview. -Sound bites: create impressions when heard out of context. -Distorted camera angles and quick cuts to command attention.

-Close-ups create feeling of intimacy. -Shot from the side: person is not telling the truth: not looking at the camera. -Wide angle shot makes us feel distant from the speaker. -Framing: ex: close-up of one loud demonstrator at a rally when there are hundreds of other people around.

Literal description of what the thing is. Example: wallet: object that holds money.