Chapter II Liberty Equality and Power Vocabulary Flashcards

An adventurer often credited with saving the early Chesapeake settlement of Jamestown by forcing the colonists to work. His real impact is hard to assess because of his habit of exaggerating his exploits.

A precursor of the modern corporation. Acted as an organizing force in the settlement of North America. Each stockholder had one vote regardless of how many shares he owned. The stockholders met quarterly but entrusted everyday management to the company’s treasurer.

A large grant of land from the Dutch West India Company to a few individual landholders in New Netherland. Meant to act as a spur to settlement, it actually retarded New Netherland’s growth.

A powerful, religious woman in early Massachusetts Bay whose attack on the clergy in the colony threatened the male power structure and led to her banishment.

French fur traders who lived among the Native Americans with whom they traded in the forests.

French Protestant leader who wrote The Institutes of the Christian Religion. His emphasis on predestination and hard work influenced the English Puritans, French Huguenots, Scots Presbyterians, and Dutch Reformed churches.

He is the half-brother of Sir Humphrey Gilbert. He made two unsuccessful attempts to colonize in North America. The inhabitants of his lost colony of Roanoke disappeared between 1587 and 1590.

He is the author of Oceana (1656). Greatly influenced colonial political thought by advocating a republic based on widespread land ownership, with term limits for officeholders, secret balloting, and a two-house legislature.

A religious doctrine that asserted that God had already decreed who would be saved and who would be damned. Engendered in Calvinists a compelling inner need to find out whether they had been saved. Forced them to struggle to recognize in themselves a conversion experience--the process by which God’s elect discovered that they had been saved.

This was a 1643 massacre of Indian refugees led by New Netherland governor Willem Kieft. Against Indians who had been granted asylum from other Indians on Manhattan. Set off a war with the nearby Algonquian nations that nearly destroyed New Netherland.

A religious system embraced by the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay. Held that God had made two biblical covenants with humans, the covenant of works and the covenant of grace. The covenant of works, which grew out of Adam’s fall, saw humans as evil and incapable of obeying God’s laws. The covenant of grace promised eternal salvation to those whom God had chosen. Puritans added communal counterparts to these individual covenants. The church covenant called for the organization of a church body, most of the members of which were presumed to be saved. The national covenant ensured that if the community as a whole adhered to God’s laws, it wold not be punished for the misdeeds of individuals.