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They are major components of
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Eukaryotic and most prokaryotic cell membranes
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Their synthesis also usually proceeds by way of
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Phosphatidic acid
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A special cytidine diphosphate (CDP) carrier plays a role similar to that of
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Uridine and adenosine carriers in carbohydrate biosynthesis
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For eg bacteria synthesizes
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Phosphatidylethanolamine
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A major
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Cell membrane component
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Through the initial formation of
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CDP diacylglycerol
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CDP derivatives then react with serine to form
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Phospholipid phosphatidylserine
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And decarboxylation yields
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Phosphatidylethanolamine
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In this way a complex membrane lipid is constructed from the
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Products ofglycolysis fatty acid biosynthesis and amino acid biosynthesis
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Many different phospholipid species can be constructed by combining various fatty acids and polar head groups with
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Glycerol or sphingosine backbone
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Assembly of phospholipids
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From simple precursors requires:
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1. Synthesis of
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Backbone molecule (glycerol or sphingosine)
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2. Attachment of fatty acids to the backbone through
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An Ester or amide linkage
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3. Addition of hydrophilic head group to the backbone through
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Phosphodiester linkage
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And 4. alteration or addition of the head group to yield
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Final phospholipid product
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