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Cards In This Set
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If the universe is becoming more disordered, how can we account for biological order?
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A cell creates ordered structures for less organized starting materials
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Describe the energy transformations that occur when you climb the top of a stairway.
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You convert the chemical energy of food to the kinetic energy of your upward climb. At the top of the stairs, some of the energy has been stored as potential energy, and the rest has been converted to heat.
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Name and describe the two types of chemical reactions.
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Endergonic reactions: (means energy in) yields products with more potential energy then the difference between the potential energy in the reactants and that in the productsExergonic reactions: (energy out) Energy releasing reaction in which the reactants contain more potential energy than the products.
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What is cellular resperation?
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A chemical process that uses oxygen to convert the chemical energy stored in fuel molecules to a form of chemical energy that the cell can use to perform work.
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What do cells use as an immediate form of energy?
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ATP
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What is energy coupling?
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The use of energy released from exergonic reactions to drive essential endergonic reactions.
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What becomes of the energy extracted from food during cellular resperation?
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Some of it is stored in ATP molecules and the rest as heat.
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Know what ATP looks like and what it stands for:
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 Adenine Triphosphate. |
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Why is it so important that all three phosphate groups are negatively charged in ATP?
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They are easily broken and contain more potential energy before their bonds are broken.
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What prevents molecules from spontaneously breaking down into simpler less energetic molecules?
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There is a chemical barrier that must be overcome before a chemical reaction can begin. Energy must be absorbed to contort or weaken bonds in a reactant molecule so that they can break and new bonds can form. This energy barrier is called the energy of activation.
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Explain why an enzyme cannot change an endergonic reaction into an exergonic one.
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Although an enzyme speeds a reaction by lowering the energy of activation, it had no effect on the relative energy content of products versus reactants.
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What is a substrate?
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A specific reactant that an enzyme acts on.
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What is an induced fit?
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The slight change in a shape of the active site of an enzyme as it embraces its substrate. In its new shape the active site catalyzes the reaction.
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At what temperature do most human enzymes work best at?Bacteria that live in hot springs?
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95-104 and 158 degrees
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A few enzymes work best at a pH of 2; where are these enzymes?
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Stomach
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