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Cards In This Set
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What structures comprise the upper respiratory tract?
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Nose, pharynx, adenoids, tonsils, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea.
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What comprises the lower respiratory tract?
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Bronchi, bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli
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What is the most common complaint with respiratory disorders?
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Cough
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What are some of the respiratory defense mechanisms?
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Filtraiton of air, mucociliary clearance system, cough reflex, reflex alveolar macrophages, bronchoconstriction
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What are some of the age-related changes in the respiratory system?
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Alterations in structure, in defense mechanisms, and in respiratory control
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What kinds of structural alterations occur in the respiratory system for the elderly?
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Decrease in elastic recoil of the lung, decrease in chest wall compliance, and a stiffening of chest wall
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What are other structural alterations in the respiratory system for the elderly?
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The anterior-posterior diameter of the thoracic cage increases and residual volume increases
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Further structural alterations include...
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Costal cartilage calcify with aging and interfere with chest expansion. outward curvature of spine is marked, chest may appear barrel shaped
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T/F: there is a decrease in alveolar function and they become less elastic
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TRUE
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Why is there a decline in respiratory defense mechanisms?
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Decline in cell-mediated immunity and the formation of antibodies. the alveolar macrophages are less effective at phagocytosis
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What is an elderly person at risk for due to having a less forceful cough and fewer/less functional cilia?
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Respiratory infections due to mucous membranes tend to be drier and retained mucous
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Respiratory System changes in the elderly: Structural changes will yield...
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Chest wall stiffening, costal cartilage calcification, decreased (elastic recoil, chest wall compliance..see table 26-4 on pp 517
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Respiratory System differences in structural assessment findings in the elderly will yield...
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Barrel chest appearance, kyphotic posture, decreased (chest wall movement, deep breathing, vital capacity)...see table 26-4 on pp 517
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Respiratory system changes in the elderly: defense mechanism changes will yield:
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Decreased (cell-mediated immunity, specific antibodies, cilia function, cough force, alveolar macrophage function, and sensation in pharynx)
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Respiratory differences in defense mechanism assessment findings in the elderly will yield..
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Decreased (cough effectiveness, secretion clearance) increased risk of upper respiratory aspiration, infection,...see table 26-4 on pp 517
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