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Cards In This Set
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What are some patient assessment areas for Peripheral Vascular Disease?
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Patient History:
Chief Complaint - BP - Silent Killer
Medical/Family History - Diabetic, Smoking, Obesity
Psychosocial
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What are some physical assessements associated with Ulcers-Arterial and Venous?
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Physical Assessment:
Always Perform Bilaterally! - both
Blood Pressue
Inspection: venous edema, elevate/compression
Skin
Hair Loss
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What are some physical assessment of palpatation (sense of perfusion) of extremities?
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Pulses
Temperature
Capillary Refill
Pulsatile Mass
Ausculation
Bruit (abnormal sound)
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What are some elderly considerations of patient assessment for peripheral vascular disease?
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-Blood Vessels - loos elasticity > 50 years of age (males more than females)
-BP
-Pulses
-Skin - dry (prevent from cracking; emolient lo dry areas)
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What is Systolic?
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Systolic = Cardiac Output; ventricular contraction and ejaction
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What is Diastolic?
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Vascular Resistance
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What is the formula for Blood Pressue?
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BP = CO X SVR
Blood Pressure equals Cardiac Output (Times) Systemic Vascular Resistance - force
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What is the pathophysiology of HTN?
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-Nervous System
-Stress - srress can stimulate BP
-Vascular Endothelium
-Renal (Renin-angiotension Aldosterone)
-Blood
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What are the two types of Hypertension?
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1. Primary
-Elevated BP without a known cause
-90-95% of all Hypertension
2. Secondary
-Specific Identifiable
-Sleep Apnea
-Kidney Disease - renal arteries, increaes flow
-Endocrine - tumors
-Pregnancy - eclampsia
-Drugs - oral contraceptives, blood clots, smoking
-Vascular - aorta narrows - BP goes up
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What is considered "The Silent Killer!"
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Hypertension (HTN) - most of the time it is asymptomatic
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What are the possible symptoms of HTN?
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-Headache
-Cerebrovascular - stroke, light headed, dizziness, speach problems
-Cardiovascular - chest pain, palpatations, dysrythmias
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Risk factors for HTN is ________ to risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease.
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Similar to risk fatos for coronary heart diease.
Smoking, lipids
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What is the time frame HTN comes into play in our lives?
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Incidence-
-Middle age adults
-Older adults
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-Control achieved - through medication, weight loss, decrease cholesterol
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What four areas can HTN can Target Organ Damage?
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1. Cardiac - increased work on the heart, heart gets bigger, needs mor O2 --> leads to heart failure
2. Peripheral Vascular - makes vessels work harder
3. Neurological/central Nervous System - stroke
4. Renal - Renal Stenosis
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What are some complications of HTN?
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-Hypertensive Crisis
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-Malignant Hypertesion - Nitroglycerin - Medical Emergency
-Signs & Symptoms - Blurred Vision, IV medication BP every 15 minutes
-IV medication management - must be initiated for a blood pressure greater than 220/110
(Malignant Hypertension) = high blood pressure leading to organ faiure of the eys, brain, kidnyes and/or heart
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