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Cards In This Set
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Anuria
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Description
Technically no urination (24-hr urine output <100ml) Possible Etiology & Significance Acute renal failure, end-stage renal disease, bilateral ureteral obstruction |
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Burning on urination
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Description
Stinging pain in urethral area Possible Etiology & Significance Urethral irritation, urinary tract infection |
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Chemical cystitis
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Description
Painful or difficult urination Possible Etiology & Significance Use of spermicides (especially with diaphragm), excessive douching |
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Dysuria
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Description
Painful or difficult urination Possible Etiology & Significance Sign of urinary tract infection and interstitial cystitis and wide variety of pathologic conditions. |
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Ennuresis
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Description
Involuntary nocturnal urinating Possible Etiology & Significance Symptomatic of lower urinary tract disorder |
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Frequency
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Description
Increased incidence of urinating Possible Etiology & Significance Acutely inflamed bladder, retention with overflow, excess fluid intake |
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Hematuria
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Description
Blood in the urine Possible Etiology & Significance Cancer of gentourinary tract, blood dyscrasias, renal disease, urinary tract infection, stones in kidney or ureter, medications (anticoagulants) |
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Hesitancy
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Description
Delay or difficulty in initiating urination Possible Etiology & Significance Partial urethral obstruction |
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Incontinence
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Description
Inability to voluntarily control discharge of urine Possible Etiology & Significance Neurogenic bladder, bladder infection, injury to external sphincter |
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Nocturia
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Description
Frequency of urination at night Possible Etiology & Significance Renal disease with impaired concentrating ability, bladder obstruction, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, finding after renal transplant. |
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Oliguria
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Description
Diminished amount of urine in a given time (24-hr urine output of 100-400 ml) Possible Etiology & Significance Severe dehydration, shock, transfusion reaction, kidney disease, end-stage renal disease |
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Pain
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Description
Presence over suprapubic area (related to bladder), urethral pain (irritation of bladder neck), flank (CVA) pain. Possible Etiology & Significance Infection, urinary retention, foreign body in urinary tract, urethritis, pyelonephritis, renal colic or stones. |
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Pneumaturia
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Description
Passage of urine containing gas Possible Etiology & Significance Fistula connections between bowel and bladder, gas-forming urinary tract infections. |
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Polyuria
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Description
Large volume of urine in a given time. Possible Etiology & Significance Diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, chronic renal failure, diuretics, excess fluid intake |
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Retention
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Description
Inability to urinate even though bladder contains excessive amount of urine Possible Etiology & Significance Finding after pelvic surgery, childbirth, catheter removal; urethral stricture or obstruction; neurogenic bladder; postanesthesia |
